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Research Article

Effects of relative humidity on egg hatching success of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

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Received 17 Apr 2023, Accepted 06 May 2024, Published online: 16 May 2024
 

Abstract

Humidity can influence oviposition decisions by females and the development and survival of offspring. We measured the impact of relative humidity on egg eclosion of three forensically relevant blow fly species: Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Egg masses were placed into glass jars lined with filter paper and placed into growth chambers at 25°C with 12:12 L:D, across six levels of relative humidity (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%). Eggs were observed every six hours for eclosing larvae to measure the effect of humidity on time to egg eclosion. As relative humidity increased, time to eclosion decreased for all three species. Calliphora vicina hatching success was the least affected by humidity, maintaining greater than 60% hatching success even at 30% relative humidity. In contrast, L. sericata required at least 50% relative humidity to have hatching success above 60%. Phormia regina was the most affected by humidity, requiring relative humidity to be above 70% to reach hatching success above 60%. Given the differential effect of relative humidity on egg hatching, these results may have implications for oviposition decisions made by female blow flies.

RÉSUMÉ

L’humidité peut influencer les décisions de ponte des femelles ainsi que le développement et la survie de la progéniture. Nous avons mesuré l’impact de l’humidité relative sur l’éclosion des œufs de trois espèces de mouches = d’intérêt forensique: Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) et Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Les masses d’œufs ont été placées dans des bocaux en verre recouverts de papier filtre et placés dans des chambres de croissance à 25°C avec 12:12 L:D, à travers six niveaux d’humidité relative (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, et 80%). Les œufs ont été observés toutes les six heures afin de mesurer l’effet de l’humidité sur le délai d’éclosion des larves. Plus l’humidité relative augmentait, plus le temps d’éclosion diminuait pour les trois espèces. Le succès d’éclosion de Calliphora vicina a été le moins affecté par l’humidité, conservant plus de 60% de succès d’éclosion même à 30% d’humidité relative. En revanche, L. sericata avait besoin d’une humidité relative d’au moins 50% pour obtenir un taux d’éclosion supérieur à 60%. Phormia regina était la plus affectée par l’humidité, nécessitant une humidité relative supérieure à 70% pour atteindre un taux d’éclosion supérieur à 60%. Étant donné l’effet différentiel de l’humidité relative sur l’éclosion des œufs, ces résultats peuvent avoir des implications sur les décisions de ponte prises par les mouches femelles.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Paulina Peang for assistance in counting eggs, Vincenzo Pacheco, and Meghan Vankosky for editing this manuscript, and Luke Easton for editing and statistical advice.

Disclosure statement

The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.

Data availability statement

The data presented in this study are openly available at FigShare at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22634398.v1.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Government of Ontario Early Researcher Award [ER08-05-006]; the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, Ontario Innovation Trust [Project Number 9623]; and the University of Windsor.

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