The optimisation of caffeic acid reactive extraction by trioctylphosphine oxide using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT

Caffeic acid is a valuable product due to its wide-ranging utilities. Currently, caffeic acid can be produced via fermentation process using native or engineered microorganisms. The reactive extraction is a prominent technique that is used for the recovery of carboxylic acids. In this work, caffeic acid was recovered by an organophosphate (trioctylphosphine oxide) from its aqueous solution in the presence of different kinds of solvents namely 1-butanol, ethyl propionate, and ethyl methyl ketone. The values of reactive extraction parameters were optimised by Box–Behnken design. 98.19% The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained as 98.19% at the optimum conditions of 0.003 mol kg⁻¹ caffeic acid concentration, 50% (v/v) trioctylphosphine oxide quantity, and 306.2 K in the presence of 1-butanol as the solvent. Our study is the first ever to examine the reactive extraction of caffeic acid, and therefore very important in modern scientific disciplines.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Caffeic acid
• reactive extraction
• trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)
• optimisation
• response surface methodology
• box-behnken design

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Authors contributions

Özge Demir: Writing-original draft, Software. Yasin Akın: Experimental section, Formal analysis. Şevval Altun: Experimental section, Formal analysis. Sinem Turhan: Experimental section, Formal analysis. Aslı Gök: Concentualization, Methodology, Writing-original draft, Software. Şah İsmail Kırbaşlar: Writing-original draft, Investigation, Resources, Supervision.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Availability of data and materials

All data and materials are available in this manuscript.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports provided by TUBITAK (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu) (Project No: TBTK-0112-6499) from Scientific and Technological Research Institution of Turkey. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports provided by (FDK-2023-36861) from Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa.