The rearrangement features and phylogenetic signals of mitochondrial genomes of gall midge subfamily Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with first complete mitogenome of an economically important mango gall midge pest, Procontarina fructiculi from Guangxi, China

ABSTRACT

In this study, we obtained the first complete mitochondrial genome of Procontarina fructiculi, an important mango gall midge pest from Guangxi, China. The mitogenome of P. fructiculi was sequenced and annotated for the first time, and compared with all the published and annotated data of Cecidomyiidae species to summarise the gall midge organisation and rearrangement features of mitochondrial genomes with phylogenetic analysis. The comparison of gall midge mitochondrial genome structure shows that the rearrangement of the mitochondrial gene structure is very common, and most rearrangements are embodied in rearrangement in the order of tRNAs. The phylogenetic results based on the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods both highly supported the monophyly of Cecidomyiinae. Cecidomyiinae can be divided into two distinct clades (except Cecidomyiidae sp. 3): A: (Mayetiola destructor + Rhopalomyia pomum) and B: (Asphondylia rosetta + ((Procontarinia fructiculi + Orseolia oryzae) + ((Cecidomyiidae sp. 1 + Aphidoletes aphidimyza) + Cecidomyiidae sp. 2))). Based on the above results, some phylogenetic signals in rearrangement have been found in the mitochondrial genome structure of Cecidomyiinae for the first time.

KEYWORDS:

• Cecidomyiinae
• gall midge
• Procontarinia fructiculi
• mitogenome
• rearrangement

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Chen-Guang Zheng (College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China) for his kind assistance and guidance in the earlier experiments.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Major Science and Technology Projects of Guangxi [No. AA17202018], Guangxi Key Laboratory Foundation for Crop Disease and Pest Biology [22-035-31-22ST04].