Polarization Effect on Dual and Quad Output Fiber Laser Based on Sagnac Loop Mirror Interferometer

ABSTRACT

This work investigates the performance of dual and quad laser wavelengths at simultaneous angle adjustment of polarization controller based on a Sagnac loop mirror interferometer. From our observation, 13 m polarization maintaining fibers of PMF length performed better in terms of lasing lines, peak power and extinction ratio of 4, −8 dBm and 38 dB, respectively. When the intensity increases, the flatness and number of channels are improved to prove that significant power setting for the best laser performance. The flatness and number of lasers are changed with the simultaneous adjustment of half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate angles. These dual and quad laser wavelengths have good power stability according to the low fluctuation below 2.25 dB of peak power difference on the laser peaks within 100 minutes.

KEYWORDS:

• Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers
• fiber lasers
• nonlinear optical devices
• sagnac interferometers

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) and UNITEN through the BOLD Refresh Postdoctoral Fellowships under the project code of J510050002-IC-6 BOLDREFRESH2025-Centre of Excellence.

Notes on contributors

N. N. Abu Hasan

Nadiah Nadhirah Abu Hasan received a Bachelor of Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Universiti Tenaga Nasional in 2021. Her thesis title for her Final Year Project is “Characterization of Multiwavelength Fiber Laser based on Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier and Sagnac Loop Mirror”. She is currently working in the communication industry and her research interest is in optical communication.

A. H. Sulaiman

Abdul Hadi Sulaiman received Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Physics from Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in August 2007. In 2009, he received Master of Science from University of Malaya. He received Ph.D. from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2015. His thesis title for master and PhD programme is SOA-based Fiber Ring Laser and Lyot-filter based Multiwavelength Fiber Laser using an SOA assisted by Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Effect, respectively. In 2015, he worked as a Senior Research Officer at Advanced Electromagnetic Lab, Universiti Teknologi Petronas. In 2016 and 2017, he worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow at Islamic International University Malaysia. The research work is IoT data encryption/decryption using a secret key generated from an image link. Currently, he is with Universiti Tenaga Nasional as a Postdoctoral Researcher from 2017, working on multiwavelength fiber laser and Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis to detect temperature and strain for the application of power engineering. He also working with research project of Distributed Acoustic Sensing for noise detection. He has authored and co-authored more than 50 journals and proceedings indexed in SCOPUS and Web of Science.

F. Abdullah

Fairuz Abdullah received the B.Eng. Degree in Electronics from Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia, in 2001. He then completed M.Sc. in Network and Communication Engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2004 and his Doctoral Degree in Fibre Laser Sensor from Universiti Tenaga Nasional in 2012. He is currently an associate professor in Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional. His research interest is in optical communications, fibre lasers, optical amplifiers and fibre optic sensors. To date, he has published more than 100 journal and conference papers. He is also an active member of IEEE Photonic Society.

N. Md Yusoff

Nelidya Md Yusoff is an associate professor at Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Kuala Lumpur, with a specialization in photonics and fiber optics system. In 2001, she graduated from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia with a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering majoring in Telecommunications. After graduating, she joined UTM as a tutor and pursued her master’s degree in Digital Communication Systems at Loughborough University, United Kingdom in 2005. She received her Ph.D. in 2013 from Universiti Putra Malaysia and continued under a post-doctoral fellowship in 2019. Her research areas are optical communication systems, fiber lasers and amplifiers as well as optical sensors. She has authored more than 60 journal articles and has been appointed as a reviewer for more than 10 referred journals. She has been actively involved with IEEE as a Senior Member since 2013, where she is now the treasurer for IEEE Kuala Lumpur Subsection as well as the executive committee for IEEE Measurement and Instrumentation (Malaysia Chapter).

A. Ismail

Aiman Ismail received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronics engineering and the M.Eng. degree in electrical engineering from Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia, in 2008 and 2011, respectively. He is currently a lecturer with Universiti Tenaga Nasional. His research interest is in optical communications and sensors.

M. Z. Jamaludin

Md Zaini Jamaludin is a senior research fellow at Universiti Tenaga Nasional received the Diploma degree in electrical and electronic engineering from the Institute Technology Mara (now University Technology Mara, UiTM), in 1983, the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Miami, FL, USA, in 1986, the M.Sc. degree in electronic (medical system) from the University of Hertfordshire, U.K., in 1994, and the Ph.D. degree in network communication engineering from Universiti Putra Malaysia, in 2007. He worked at Motorola Solutions Malaysia Sdn.Bhd., from 1984 to 1986, and UiTM, in 1990. In 1997, he joined GITN Sdn.Bhd., and then Digicert Sdn.Bhd., to set-up the first certification authority, company that issue the digital certificate and appointed the Chief Operating Officer, in 2000. In 2001, he joined the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional. He was the main person responsible for setting up the spin-off company under UNITEN which is UNITEN Research and Development Sdn.Bhd. (URND) and promoted as the Managing Director of URND, from 2013 to 2017. He was a Professor at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and the Institute of Power Engineering (IPE). He is an active researcher with more than RM7.0 million worth of research grants and authored/co-authored more than 150 research articles in journals and conference proceedings. His research interests include photonics devices and sensors, optical network, secured remote data acquisition systems, RF radiation (GSM and mobile base station), and Ethernet passive optical networks. He has been an Active Executive Committee Member for of IEEE Photonics Society, International Conference on Photonics (ICP), since 2004, as the conference chairman as well as committee member, including as the chairman from 2007 to 2008, and has been a member of IET, since 2010.