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Acknowledgements
This has since it was presented been edited and formatted to include footnotes. The edits have involved some clarification of ideas and expansion of arguments. The author would like to acknowledge the NRF for providing incentive funding to further my research on India–South Africa connected histories.
Author Biography
UMA DHUPELIA-MESTHRIE is emeritus professor in the Department of History, University of the Western Cape. She is widely published in the field of India-South Africa connected histories and in recent years has focussed on the history of Indians in Cape Town.
Notes
1 S. Bhana, The United States and the Development of the Puerto Rican Status Question, 1936–1968 (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1975).
2 S. Bhana, ‘Klap Hom: Someone Should. It’s Me Suryo’ (unpublished manuscript, 2012), 9.
3 Ibid., 11.
4 Ibid., 15.
5 Ibid., 23.
6 Ibid., 28.
7 Ibid., 51.
8 S. Bhana, ‘An Enduring Fascination’, South African Historical Journal, 11, 1 (1979): 105.
9 S. Bhana, ‘University Education’ in B. Pachai (ed.), South Africa’s Indians: The Evolution of a Minority (Washington: University Press of America, 1979), 384–440. See also his article with Goolam Vahed, ‘“Colours Do Not Mix”: Segregated Classes at the University of Natal, 1936–1959’, Journal of Natal and Zulu History, 29 (2011): 66–100.,
10 S. Bhana (ed.), Essays on Indentured Indians in Natal (Leeds: Peeple Tree Press, 1991).
11 S. Bhana and N.S. Shukla-Bhatt, A Fire that Blazed in the Ocean: Gandhi and the Poems of Satyagraha in South Africa, 1909–1911 (New Delhi/Chicago: Promilla/Bibliophile South Asia, 2011).
12 Satyagraha in South Africa: Published and Unpublished Poems 1908–1914, available at https://sites.google.com-gandhipoetics, accessed 8 March 2019.
13 One of these was S. Bhana, Gandhi’s Legacy: The Natal Indian Congress, 1894–1994 (Pietermaritzburg: University of Natal Press, 1997); the other was S. Bhana, Indentured Indian Emigrants to Natal 1860–1902: A Study Based on Ships’ Lists (New Delhi: Promilla, 1991).
14 Pachai’s major book was The International Aspects of the South African Indian Question, 1860–1971 (Cape Town: C. Struik, 1971).
15 S. Bhana and B. Pachai (eds), A Documentary History of Indian South Africans (Cape Town: David Philip, 1984).
16 S. Bhana and U.S. [Dhupelia-]Mesthrie, South African Historical Journal, 16 (1984): 118–31.
17 U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Gandhi’s Prisoner? The Life of Gandhi’s Son, Manilal (Cape Town: Kwela Books, 2004).
18 Email from S. Bhana to Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie, 9 January 2013.
19 Email from S. Bhana to Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie, 8 February 2011.
20 This was published as A. Bhana and S. Bhana, ‘An Exploration of the Psycho-Historical Circumstances Surrounding Suicide Among Indentured Indians, 1875–1911’ in S. Bhana (ed.), Essays on Indentured Indians, 137–88.
21 While the project was jointly set up he published his own book (see Bhana, Indentured Indian Emigrants to Natal) and Joy Brain produced a CD of the ships’ lists.
22 S. Bhana and J.B. Brain, Setting Down Roots: Indian Migrants in South Africa, 1860–1911 (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1990).
23 S. Bhana and G. Vahed, The Making of a Political Reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914 (New Delhi: Manohar, 2005).
24 S. Bhana and G. Vahed, Crossing Space and Time in the Indian Ocean: Early Indian Traders in Natal: A Biographical Study (Pretoria: Unisa Press, 2015).
25 S. Bhana, ‘The Tolstoy Farm: Gandhi’s Experiment in “Co-Operative Commonwealth”’, South African Historical Journal, 7, 1 (1975): 88–100.
26 S. Bhana and J. Hunt (eds), Gandhi’s Editor: the Letters of M.H. Nazar 1902–1903 (New Delhi: Promilla, 1989).
27 S.Bhana and K. Bhoola, Introducing South Africa: or Dialogue of Two Friends by an Indian, 1911 (Durban: Local History Museums, 2005).
28 S. Bhana and N. Shukla-Bhatt, A Fire that Blazed in the Ocean: Gandhi and the Poems of Satyagraha (New Delhi: Promilla in association with Bibliophile South Asia, 2011).
29 This was published as U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘Cape Indians, Apartheid and Higher Education’, in a special edition on ‘The University College for Indians on Salisbury Island’, Journal of Natal and Zulu History, 3, 1 (2013): 45–74.
30 Bhana, Indentured Indian Emigrants to Natal.
31 A. Desai and G. Vahed, Inside Indian Indenture: A South African Story, 1860–1914 (Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2010).
32 Bhana and Brain, Setting Down Roots, 159–88. While the individual chapters do not indicate which author wrote which chapter, those of us with knowledge of how the book was researched and written are able to identify the author of the individual chapters.
33 Bhana, ‘Klap Hom’, 47.
34 See U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘Split Households: Indian Wives, Cape Town Husbands and Immigration Laws, 1900s to 1940s’, South African Historical Journal, 66, 4 (2014): 635–55.
35 U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘India–South Africa Mobilities in the First Half of the Twentieth Century: Minors, Immigration Encounters in Cape Town and Becoming South African’ in E. Razy and M. Rodet (eds), Children on the Move in Africa: Past and Present Experiences of Migration (Suffolk: James Currey, 2016), 159–74.
36 K. Hiralal, ‘“Daughters of Gujarat in the Diaspora”: Immigrant Women, Identity and Agency in Natal’, Journal of Contemporary History, 38, 1 (2013): 1–21 and ‘Mapping Free Indian Migration Through a Biographical Lens’, New Contree, 66 (July 2013): 97–119.
37 L. Witz, G, Minkley and C. Rassool, Unsettled History: Making South African Public Pasts (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2017), 28–9.
38 She was central in hosting conferences and workshops and co-edited two books. See P. Gupta, I. Hofmeyr and M. Pearson (eds), Eyes Across the Water; Navigating the Indian Ocean (Pretoria: Unisa Press, 2010) and I. Hofmeyr and M. Willams (eds), South Africa & India: Shaping the Global South (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2011). See also I. Homeyr and U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘South Africa/India: Re-Imagining the Disciplines’, South African Historical Journal, 57 (2007): 1–11 and ‘Durban and Cape Town as Port Cities: Reconsidering Southern African Studies from the Indian Ocean’ special issue of Journal of Southern African Studies, 42, 3 (June 2016), edited by U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, I. Hofmeyr, P. Kaarsholm, and D. Walder. Hofmeyr’s Gandhi’s Printing Press: Experiments in Slow Reading (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013) specifically locates the press within Indian Ocean printing circuits.
39 Vahed and Bhana, Crossing Space and Time in the Indian Ocean, 13–30.
40 U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘Gujarati Shoemakers in Twentieth Century Cape Town: Family, Gender, Caste and Community’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 38, 1 (2012): 167–82.
41 `Unhappily Torn by Dissensions and Litigations: Durban’s “Memon” Mosque, 1880–1930’, Journal of Religion in Africa, 36, 1 (2006): 23–49; ‘Passengers, Partnerships and Promissory Notes; Gujarati Traders in Colonial Natal, 1870–1970’, The International Journal of Historical Studies, 38, 3 (2006): 449–79; ‘An “Imagined Community” in Diaspora: Gujaratis in South Africa’, South Asian History and Culture, 1, 4 (2010): 615–28; ‘Institutional Hinduism: The Founding of the South African Hindu Maha Sabha, 1912’, Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 4, 1-2 (2013): 17–29; also with V. Lal, `Hinduism in South Africa: Caste, Ethnicity and Invented Traditions, 1860–Present’, Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 4, 1-2 (2013): 1–15.
42 K.S. Hiralal, ‘“Immigrant Sisters Organising for Change”: The Gujarati Mahila Mandal, 1930–2010’, Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 4, 1-2 (2013): 105–15; K.S. Hiralal and V.P. Rawjee, Tracing our Roots: the Natal Rajput Association 1911–2011 (Durban: Atlas Printers, 2011).
43 See R. Mesthrie, S. Kulkarni-Joshi and R. Paradkar, ‘Kokni in Cape Town and the Sociolinguistics of Transnationalism’, Language Matters, 48, 3 (2017): 73–97. Mesthrie initiated this project and has partners from India.
44 G. Vahed and A. Desai, ‘Identity and Belonging in Post-Apartheid South Africa: the case of Indian South Africans’, Journal of Social Sciences, 25 (2010): 6.
45 C. Soudien, ‘District Six and its Uses in the Discussion about Non-Racialism’, in Z. Erasmus (ed.), Coloured by History and Shaped by Place: New Perspectives on Coloured Identities in Cape Town (Cape Town/Maroelana: Kwela Books/SA History Online, 2001), 114.
46 S. Bhana and K. Bhoola, Journal of South Asian Diaspora, Vol. 3 (2011), 15–36.
47 Email, 8 February 2011.
48 For a hostile exchange on this between Devi Rajab and Goolam Vahed see D. Rajab, ‘New Ethnic Divisions’, Confluence, 27 October 2012; Sunday Tribune, 18 November 2012.
49 See for example Vahed’s ‘ An “Imagined Community” in Diaspora’, which is mainly about Kwa-Zulu Natal and especially Durban but nonetheless purports to be about Gujaratis in South Africa.
50 G. Vahed, Chota Motala: A Biography of Political Activism in the Kwa-Zulu-Natal Midlands (Durban: University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Press, 2018).
51 G. Vahed, ‘Family, Gender, and Mobility among Passenger Migrants into Colonial Natal: The Story of Moosa Hajee Cassim (c. 1840s to 1921)’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 42, 3 (2016): 505–22.
52 Dhupelia-Mesthrie, ‘Split-Households’, 640.
53 A. Cachalia, When Hope and History Rhyme: An Autobiography (Johannesburg: Picador Africa 2013), 9–10.
54 F. Meer, Memories of Love and Struggle (Cape Town: Kwela Books, 2017), 34–7.
55 Z. Maharaj, Dancing to Different Rhythm: A Memoir (Cape Town: Zebra Press, 2006), 61–2.
56 O. Badsha, Imperial Ghetto: Ways of Seeing in a South African City (Mareolana: South African History Online, 2001).
57 P. Naidoo, Footprints in Grey Street (Durban: Ocean Jetty, 2002).
58 A. Burton, Brown Over Black: Race and The Politics of Postcolonial Citation (Haryana, Three Essays Collective, 2012), 133.
59 M.D. McEvoy, ‘Madeirans in Cape Town: Immigration Documentation, Marriage and Settlement, 1900s to the 1970s’ (MA mini-thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2019).
60 N.E. Sheik, ‘Colonial Rites: Custom, Marriage, Law and the Making of Difference in Natal, 1839s–c1910’ (PhD diss., University of Michigan, 2012).
61 J. Soske, Internal Frontiers: African Nationalism and the Indian Diaspora in Twentieth Century South Africa (Wits University Press, 2017).
62 Bhana, Ships’ Lists, 7, 111.
63 Email from S. Bhana to U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie, 8 February 2006.
64 U. Dhupelia-Mesthrie and M. Allen, ‘Controlling Transnational Asian Mobilities: A Comparison of Documentary Systems in Australia and South Africa, 1890s to 1940s’, in R. Heynen and Emily van der Meulen (eds), Making Surveillance States: Transnational Histories (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019).