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ABSTRACT
Background
Interventional embolization schedules based on absolute ethanol are usually used for peripheral arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), and clinicians often choose the scheme according to the classification.
Aim
To evaluate different interventional embolization schedules based on absolute ethanol for PAVMs.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed of 165 patients with PAVMs treated with interventional embolization based on absolute ethanol in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2018 to May 2021. PAVMs were classified as type II (n = 67), type III (n = 81) and type IV (n = 17) according to the Yakes classification system, including 123 maxillofacial, 13 trunk and 29 limbs. Effectiveness of embolization was based on PAVM devascularization on angiography: 100% (total), 90%~99% (near-total), 70%~90% (substantial), 30%~70% (partial) and 0%~30% (failure).
Results
PAVMs were classified as type II (n = 67), type III (n = 81) and type IV (n = 17) according to the Yakes classification system, including 123 maxillofacial (74.55%), 13 trunk (7.88%) and 29 limbs (17.58%). There are statistical differences in the angiographic outcomes among different Yakes classification and between different methods (P < 0.05), and there was a statistical difference in the failure rates among different Yakes classification (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
PAVMs occur maxillofacial usually, and Type II can achieve better effect by spring coil and absolute ethanol, while Type III and Type IV have no ideal effect by Pingyangmycin + iodized oil + PVA + absolute ethanol and spring coil + absolute ethanol, respectively. Both the two happen to be complications, and wound accounts the highest.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data sharing agreement
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Yanlin Wang
Yanlin Wang is a Master of Medicine. Graduated from Shihezi University. ISSVA Member. Deputy Chief Physician of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis, interventional, and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Dakan Liu
Dakan Liu is a Master of Medicine. Graduated from Xi'an Jiaotong University. ISSVA Member. Chief Physician of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis, and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Li Xiao
Li Xiao is a Master of Medicine. Graduated from Xi'an Jiaotong University. Chief Physician of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis, and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Song Zuo
Song Zuo is a Master of Medicine. Graduated from Zhengzhou University. Deputy Chief Physician of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Tengfei Ren
Tengfei Ren is a Master of Medicine. Graduated from Gyeongbei University in South Korea. Attending physician of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Changxian Dong
Changxian Dong is a M.D. Master's supervisor. Chief physician. ISSVA Member. Director of the Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of various hemangiomas and vascular anomalies.
Tianxiao Li
Tianxiao Li is a M.D. Doctoral supervisor. Vice President of Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital of Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital. Proficient in the diagnosis and interventional treatment of various cerebrovascular diseases.