https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-7971
![Sample our Engineering & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5933/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Engineering-Tech.jpg"})
Abstract
The growing demand for space-efficient antennas compatible with portable electronic gadgets inspired the integration of recursively iterated fractal geometries (characterized by self-similarity, space-filling, and multiband/wideband capabilities) in antenna designs. Therefore, this article conducts an extensive survey on fractal-based single-port and multi-port patch antenna designs with multiband and ultrawideband characteristics for their implementation in 5G/IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The survey begins with a basic overview of fractal geometries and the iterated function system (IFS) technique employed for their generation. Further, it highlights the limitation of multipath fading prevalent in single-port antenna arrays that can be overcome by adopting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The MIMO antenna systems are vital for 5G networks to enhance data transmission rate, network capacity, and system reliability. Apart from these admirable attributes, the closely packed antenna elements in the MIMO configuration result in a severe mutual coupling. To address this limitation, various isolation enhancement techniques developed by distinguished researchers are thoroughly discussed in this article, detailing their merits and demerits. At last, this article portrays diverse band-notch structures integrated into the antenna designs to eradicate the existing interfering narrow bands in the ultrawideband (UWB) spectrum. The underlying reason for conducting this survey is to aid antenna designers and academicians with a thorough knowledge of distinct fractal geometries, various isolation improvement approaches, and band-notch techniques on a single platform, desired for designing 5G/IoT-based antenna systems.
Acknowledgement
The authors express their heartfelt gratitude to Rajesh Khanna and Mr. Hitender from TIET, Patiala, India, for being constant sources of inspiration throughout this review work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Arashpreet K. Sohi
Arashpreet K Sohi received her BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, India in 2015. She got her ME degree in 2017 (specialization in wireless communications) and PhD degree in 2023 (electronics and communications engineering) from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India. Presently, she works as an assistant professor at Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India. Her areas of interest are microstrip patch antennas for wireless communication, microwave imaging for breast cancer diagnosis using microstrip patch antennas, optimization algorithms, and fractal antennas.
Amanpreet Kaur
Amanpreet Kaur received her received her BE in electronics and communication engineering degree from Jammu University in 2004. She got her ME degree in 2006 and PhD degree in 2016 (specialization in microstrip antennas for wireless communications) from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India. Since 2006, she has been working as an associate professor at the Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology. Her research interests include microstrip antennas for wireless communication systems, MIMO antennas, andMicrowave imaging of human tissues using UWB antennas. Email: [email protected].