Abstract
New data strengthen the idea of a prominent role for endocannabinoids in the modulation of a wide variety of neurobiological functions. Among these, two functions, control of movement and antinociception, have attracted the maximal interest because of the possibility that cannabinoids and related compounds might be used with a therapeutic purpose. However, the functions of endocannabinoids in the brain, and also in the periphery, are large and involve, not only the adulthood, but also the period of prenatal and postnatal development, when endocannabinoids have been reported to be significantly present and to play a role in processes of brain development as neuronal proliferation and migration, axonal elongation, synaptogenesis and/or myelinogenesis. The present review article will summarize the different studies carried out on this topic and will suggest futures lines of research to clarify the role of endocannabinoids and their receptors in the development.