Transgender people in Indonesia: how do they overcome their personal adjustment toward stress?

ABSTRACT

The rapid demographic and lifestyle changes in recent years have had a significant impact on human personality, leading to the emergence of a large population of transgender people who face unique challenges in their personal lives. This research aimed to analyze the impact of anxiety and self-esteem on personal adjustment to stress among transgender people in Jakarta, Indonesia, using data collected from 158 transgender participants through a quantitative survey questionnaire. Partial Least Squares (PLS) were used for sample determination. The findings revealed that anxiety had a positive and significant effect on personal adjustment, while self-esteem had a lesser effect. Personal adjustment, in turn, has a negative but significant effect on stress. The results suggested that anxiety toward personal adjustment is a critical factor contributing to stress among transgender people, with a coefficient of 4.223, while self-esteem has a coefficient of 1.033, and personal adjustment has a coefficient of 3.516. These findings highlighted the importance of addressing anxiety and personal adjustment in managing stress among transgender people.

KEYWORDS:

• Transgender people
• self-esteem
• anxiety
• personal adjustment
• stress
• indonesia

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Author contributions

The research was a collaborative effort among all authors, with ES, MS, and HY leading the planning, structuring, literature review, drafting, revision, and thorough review of the manuscript. AF, KHR, and MRI made significant contributions by improving the draft copy and further revising and enhancing the manuscript. Ultimately, all authors carefully reviewed and gave their approval for the final version of the manuscript.

Ethical clearance

Prior data collection, the researchers submitted an ethics application to the Research Ethics Committee at the Bandung Polytechnic of Social Welfare. This step was taken to ensure that the research would be conducted in an ethical manner and would not violate any ethical principles or guidelines. As a part of this process, informed consent forms were provided to all potential participants in the study, and only those who were willing to participate and had provided their consent were included.

Notes

1. PLS regression is a multivariate technique addressing multicollinearity, effectively modeling relationships between sets of variables through simultaneous decomposition and an iterative process, widely used for predictive modeling across diverse fields.

Additional information

Funding

No funding was received to conduct this study