Genomic Analysis Reveals Genetic Distinctiveness of the Paiute Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris

Abstract

The Paiute Cutthroat Trout (PCT) Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris is classified as a subspecies within the greater Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii ssp. complex and is federally listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. However, genetic studies to date have revealed very little genetic differentiation between the PCT and its closest relative, the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT) O. clarkii henshawi. These results casted doubt on whether the PCT is a genetically distinct subspecies or merely a phenotypic variant of the LCT. Here, we present a genomic analysis of Cutthroat Trout subspecies and populations to resolve the genetic and phylogenetic relationship between PCT and LCT. Our results demonstrate substantial genetic structure and differentiation between PCT and LCT populations. In contrast to current thinking, our phylogenetic reconstructions show the PCT to be a distinct evolutionary lineage that diverged from LCT before the LCT differentiated into its current populations (i.e., rather than PCT divergence due to geographic isolation from an LCT population in the Carson River). We conclude that the PCT is genetically distinct from the LCT.

Received May 3, 2017; accepted July 12, 2017Published online October 19, 2017

Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided under USFWS Agreement Number F09AC00468, California Department of Fish and Wildlife Agreement Number P1181006, and a National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Keystone Initiative grant to Trout Unlimited.