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Articles

Re-Thinking Our Concept Of Users

 

Abstract

This article provides a critical analysis of some of the key theories and assumptions that underpin prevailing approaches to the concept of ‘information user’ in contemporary information research and professional practice, suggesting that they continue to reflect a tacitly systems-oriented focus. The author draws on the Sense-Making theories of Brenda Dervin and the discourse analytic work of Michel Foucault, as well as his own research, to outline a more holistic approach to understanding the complex relationship between people, information, and their social context. This recommendation includes a greater focus on context, on long-term relationships, and the complex role of emotion and embodiment in people’s sense-making. AARL March 2009 vol 40 no 1 pp 22–35

Notes

1. B Dervin & M Nilan ‘Information Needs and Uses’ Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. 21 1986 pp3-33.

2. R Savolainen ‘Incorporating Small Parts and Gap-bridging: Two Meta-phorical Approaches to Information Use’ The New Review of Information Behaviour Research 1 2000 pp35-50.

3. I Seidman Interviewing as qualitative research : a guide for researchers in education and the social sciences New York Teachers College Press 1998.

4. M Foucault The Archaeology of Knowledge London Tavistock 1972.

5. M Foucault Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison London Allen Lane 1977.

6. M Foucault Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977 London Harvester Press 1980.

7. P Rabinow The Foucault Reader Harmondsworth Peregrine Books 1984.

8. J Derrida Acts of Literature New York Routledge 1992.

9. J Derrida Deconstruction in a Nutshell: a Conversation with Jacques Derrida New York Fordham University Press 1997.

10. Bernd Frohmann ‘The Power of Images: A Discourse Analysis of the Cognitive Viewpoint’ Journal of Documentation 48 1992 pp365-386.

11. S Talja ‘Constituting “information” and “user” as research objects: a theory of knowledge formations as an alternative to the information-man theory’ in P Vakkari, R Savolainen & B Dervin (eds) Information Seeking in Context London Taylor Graham 1997 pp67-80.

12. M Olsson ‘Discourse: A New Theoretical Framework for Examining Information Behaviour in its Social Context, TD Wilson & DK Allen (eds) Exploring the Contexts of Information Behaviour - Proceedings of the 2nd Information Seeking in Context Conference Taylor Graham London 1999.

13. M Olsson (a) ‘Meaning and Authority: the Social Construction of an ‘author’ among Information Behaviour Researchers’ Information Research, 10(2) 2005 paper 219 available at http://InformationR.net/ir/10-2/paper219.html.

14. M Olsson ‘Power/Knowledge: the Discursive Construction of an Author. Library Quarterly. 77 (2), pp219-240 2007.

15. Rabinow op. cit., p4.

16. DR Dickens & A Fontana Postmodernism and social inquiry. New York Guilford Press 1994.

17. T Wilson ‘Information Behaviour: an Interdisciplinary Perspective’ Information seeking in context : proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 14-16 August, 1996, Tampere, Finland P Vakkari R Savolainen and B Dervin London Los Angeles Taylor Graham 1997 pp39-53.

18. Foucault 1972 op. cit.

19. KE Pettigrew F Fidel & H Bruce ‘ Conceptual Frameworks in Information Behaviour’. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 2001 pp 43-78.

20. R Savolainen ‘Information Behavior and Information Practice: Reviewing 2016 the “Umbrella Concepts” of Information-Seeking Studies’ Library Quarterly 77 (2) 2007 pp109-132.

21. H Julien ‘Where to from here? Results of an Empirical Study and User-July centred Implications for Information Design’ Exploring the Contexts of 28 Information Behaviour T D Wilson and D K Allen London Taylor Graham 00:54 1999 pp586-596.

22. T Wilson ‘Human Information Behaviour’. Informing Science 3 1 2000 pp49- at 55.

23. T Wilson ‘ Information needs and uses: fifty years of progress?’ Fifty Years of Information Progress: A Journal of Documentation Review. B. Vickery (ed.) London ASLIB: 1994 pp15-51.

24. Julien op. cit.

25. N Belkin ‘The cognitive viewpoint in information science’ Journal of by Information Science 16 1990 pp11-15.

26. J Krikelas ‘Information-seeking behavior: patterns and concepts’ Drexel Library Quarterly 19 1983 pp5-20.

27. DEllis ‘Modelling the Information-Seeking Patterns of Academic Researchers: a Grounded Theory Approach’ Library Quarterly 63 4 1993 pp469-486.

28. P Ingwersen Information Retrieval Interaction London Taylor Graham 1992.

29. C C Kulthau ‘A Principle of Uncertainty for Information Seeking.’ Journal Of Communication 49 4 1993 pp339-355.

30. Wilson 1997 op. cit.

31. Dervin and Nilan op cit.

32. Frohmann op. cit.

33. Talja op. cit.

34. Julien op. cit.

35. Frohmann op. cit., p379.

36. Julien op. cit., p586.

37. ibid., p586.

38. Talja op.cit., p77.

39. Wilson 2000 op. cit.

40. Julien op. cit.

41. Dervin and Nilan op. cit.

42. Pettigrew, Fidel & Bruce op. cit., pp53-54.

43. Frohmann op cit.

44. R Savolainen ‘ The sense-making theory: reviewing the interests of a user-centred approach to information seeking and use’ Information Processing & Management 29 1 1993 pp13-28.

45. Savolainen 1993 op. cit., p23.

46. Dervin and Nilan op. cit., p15.

47. B Dervin ‘On Studying Information Seeking and Use Methodologically: The Implications of Connecting Metatheory to Method’ Information Processing & Management 35, 1999 pp727-750.

48. Savolainen 1993 op. cit., p26.

49. Savolainen 2007 op. cit., p109.

50. ibid., p120.

51. Rabinow op. cit., p418.

52. Focault 1977 op. cit.

53. Dervin 1999 op. cit.

54. M Olsson ‘Making Sense of Sense-Making: Information Behavior Re-searchers Construct an ‘Author’. Canadian Journal of Information & Library Science. 29 (3), 2005 pp315-334.

55. Olson 2005a op. cit.

56. Dervin 1999 op. cit., p740.

57. C C Kuhlthau ‘The Role of Experience in the Information Search Process of an Early Career Information Worker: Perceptions of Uncertainty, Complexity, Construction and Sources’ Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50(5) 1999 pp399-412.

58. Bertram Brookes ‘The Foundations of Information Science. Part 1: Philo-sophical Aspects’ Journal of Information Science 2 1980 pp125-133.

59. Dervin 1999 op. cit.

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