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Technical Report

Sex estimation from patella using discriminant analysis in Central Thai population

ORCID Icon &
Pages 231-247 | Received 18 Nov 2021, Accepted 20 Jan 2023, Published online: 05 May 2023
 

Abstract

Sex estimation is an essential step for identification of unidentified human remains. Pelvis, skull, and long bones are commonly used because of their distinct sexual dimorphism. However, these bones are incomplete or missing in some circumstances and other potential bones are needed. Several studies have shown the sexual dimorphism of the patella in specific populations by using an anthropometry method with statistical modeling. The patella has been recognized to be resistant to post-mortem changes. We developed discriminant function equations for sex estimation from measurements of the patella in a modern Central Thai population. Six variables of the patella were measured on 130 skeletons derived from Central Institute of Forensic Science, Thailand. Results showed prediction accuracies of 90% on the left side and 93% on the right side. This study illustrated the potential usage of the patella for sex estimation and indicated size variations of the patella among Thai sub-populations.

Résumé

L’estimation du sexe est une étape essentielle à l’identification de restes humains non identifiés. Le pelvis, le crâne et les os longs sont communément utilisés dus à leur dimorphisme sexuel distinct. Cependant, ces os sont parfois incomplets ou manquants et d’autres éléments deviennent potentiellement nécessaires. Plusieurs études ont démontré un dimorphisme sexuel de la patella chez des populations spécifiques en utilisant des modèles statistiques appliqués à une méthode anthropométrique. La patella a été reconnue comme étant résistante aux changements post-mortem. Nous avons développé des équations de fonctions discriminantes afin d’estimer le sexe à partir de mesures de patella provenant d’une population moderne de la Thaïlande centrale. Six variables de la patella ont été mesurées sur 130 squelettes provenant du Central Institute of Forensic Science en Thaïlande. Les résultats démontrent une prédiction avec une exactitude de 90% pour le côté gauche et de 93% pour le côté droit. Cette étude illustre l’utilité potentielle de la patella pour estimer le sexe, en plus d’indiquer une variation de la taille des patellas entre sous-populations thaïes.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Central Institute of Forensic Science for valuable data and all staff who work very hard at the skeleton analysis section.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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