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Articles

Improving the Understanding of the U.S. Urban Racial Geography and Its Temporal Change Using the Racial Landscape Method

Pages 194-206 | Received 06 Aug 2022, Accepted 02 Oct 2023, Published online: 05 Feb 2024
 

Abstract

Racial landscape (RL) is an innovative methodology for studying racial geography that offers several advantages over current approaches. This article aims to highlight two key features of RL that have the potential to significantly impact the discipline. First, the RL approach introduces a fundamentally different method for assessing segregation compared to existing methods. The RL method allows us to calculate segregation for any arbitrary area without the need for subdivisions, diversity measures, reference regions, or reliance on census geography. Importantly, by using data from fifty-one Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) across the United States, we demonstrate that the RL’s segregation metric produces comparable rankings of segregation among MSAs when compared to existing segregation indexes. Thus, although the RL expands the scope of problems where segregation can be quantified, it remains compatible with current segregation assessment practices. Second, we use data from the core parts of four selected MSAs in 1990 and 2020 to showcase how high-resolution RL-based racial maps can be employed for spatially explicit visual analyses of racial change. We discuss the potential impact of RL on the field, particularly in relation to segregation assessment and the evaluation of spatially explicit models of racial dynamics.

种族景观(RL)是研究种族地理学的新方法, 它比现有方法有几个优势。本文旨在强调RL可能对学科产生重大影响的两个关键特征。首先, 与现有方法相比, RL引入了完全不同的隔离评估方法。RL可以计算任意区域的隔离, 不需要区域细分、多样性度量、参考区域或人口普查地理。重要的是, 基于美国51个大都会统计区(MSA)的数据, 我们证明, RL隔离指标能够对各个MSA进行隔离排名, 排名结果与现有隔离指标类似。因此, RL可以量化隔离并拓展了问题范畴, 并且仍然与现有隔离评估方法相匹配。我们使用1990年和2020年四个MSA核心区域的数据, 展示了如何使用高分辨率RL种族地图, 来进行种族变化的空间可视化分析。我们讨论了RL对种族地理学的潜在影响, 尤其是种族隔离评估和种族变化空间模型评估。

El paisaje racial (RL) es una metodología innovadora para el estudio de la geografía racial que ofrece varias ventajas frente a los enfoques corrientes. En este artículo se busca destacar dos rasgos clave del RL que tienen el potencial de impactar significativamente la disciplina. Primero, el enfoque RL presenta un método fundamentalmente diferente para evaluar la segregación, en comparación con los métodos existentes. El método RL nos permite calcular la segregación en cualquiera área arbitraria sin necesidad de subdivisiones, medidas de diversidad, regiones de referencia o dependencia de la geografía censal. De importancia: al usar datos de cincuenta y una Áreas Estadísticas Metropolitanas (MSAs) de Estados Unidos, demostramos que la segregación métrica de los RL produce clasificaciones comparables de segregación entre las MSAs cuando se las compara con los índices existentes de segregación. Entonces, aunque los RL amplían el alcance de los problemas donde la segregación se puede cuantificar, ésta permanece compatible con las prácticas actuales para evaluar la segregación. Segundo, usamos datos de las partes céntricas de cuatro MSAs seleccionadas en 1990 y 2020 para mostrar casos del modo como mapas raciales de alta resolución basados en RL se pueden emplear en análisis visuales espacialmente explícitos del cambio racial. Discutimos el impacto potencial en el campo del RL, en particular en relación con la evaluación de la segregación y la evaluación de modelos espacialmente explícitos de la dinámica racial.

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Supplemental Material

Supplementary data related to this article are available on the publishers site https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2023.2300834 at https://osf.io/nvx6q/

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Anna Dmowska

ANNA DMOWSKA is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Geoinformation, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland. E-mail: [email protected]. Her research interests include dasymetric modeling and applying geoinformation methods to analyzing and visualizing racial geography.

Tomasz F. Stepinski

TOMASZ F. STEPINSKI is a Professor of Space Exploration at the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221. E-mail: [email protected]. His current research interests encompass data science, geocomputation, quantitative methods in landscape ecology, and racial dynamics. Additionally, he is keenly interested in planetary geomorphology, with a specific focus on automated cataloging of impact craters and other geologic features.

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