Staphylococcus aureus Meningitis: Experience with Cefuroxime Treatment During a 16 Year Period in a Danish Region

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis and there is no consensus on antibiotic treatment. Nafcillin is a common choice in countries where it is approved and marketed. High-dose cefuroxime has been the systemic treatment used in the study region, and a retrospective record review was conducted to determine its clinical efficacy. Cases of bacterial meningitis during 1984–1999 in the County of North Jutland, Denmark (approx. 490 000 inhabitants), were identified in a regional bacteriology register. Inclusion of a case required either growth of S. aureus from ≥2 specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 1 positive CSF specimen with a CSF leucocyte count>10⁸/l or 1 positive CSF specimen with a concurrent positive blood culture. A diagnosis of brain abscess required growth of S. aureus from aspirated pus. Staphylococcus aureus meningitis was confirmed in 45 patients, and 5 additional patients had a brain abscess. 44 cases were nosocomial (mortality 16%) and 6 were community acquired (mortality 83%). None of the isolates was methicillin resistant and 6 were penicillin susceptible. Intraventricular antibiotic treatment was given to 28 patients, systemic therapy included cefuroxime in 32 patients (64%) as either a primary or secondary choice, 6 (12%) were treated with penicillin G, 10 (20%) with penicillinase-resistant penicillin and 2 (4%) with cephalothin. Among 31 nosocomial cases treated systemically with cefuroxime the mortality was 10% (95% exact confidence limits 2–26%). In conclusion, cefuroxime seems to be a valid choice for S. aureus meningitis in the nosocomial setting.