Facile and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 14-Substituted-14-H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes Catalyzed by Ruthenium Chloride Hydrate as a Homogeneous Catalyst

Abstract

Synthesis of dibenzoxanthenes through condensation of β-naphthol with various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in ethanol as an ecofriendly solvent using Ru^III as catalyst is reported.

Keywords:

• Aldehyde
• homogeneous catalyst
• β-naphthol
• ruthenium
• xanthene

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Support of this study by Research Council of Guilan University is gratefully acknowledged.

Notes

Note. All products were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and IR data.

^a Isolated yields.

^b Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 20 ]}

^c Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 21 ]}

^d Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 22 ]}

^e Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 16 ]}

^f Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 17 ]}

^g Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 8 ]}

^h Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 14 ]}

ⁱ Identified by comparison with authentic samples.^{[ 19 ]}