Zeolite-based hybrid material as an efficient promoter in the green synthesis of mono/bis-phthalazinones

Abstract

Hybrid structures containing organic-inorganic porous materials are of great interest as green, heterogeneous, and recyclable catalysts. In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material (Zeolite HY@DETA) via the surface-functionalization of the Zeolite HY was prepared. The structure of hybrid material was characterized using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of this novel hybrid material was considered in the one-pot three-component synthesis of 3-amino-1-aryl-5,10-dioxo-1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-2-carbonitrile and some bis phthalazine-dione derivatives under green and environmentally benign conditions. The products were synthesized in excellent yields within a short reaction time and identified using elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. This protocol avoids the use of harmful catalysts, toxic solvents, and harsh reaction conditions. Besides, the catalyst could be recycled for five reaction runs with a slight loss of catalytic activity.

Graphical abstract

Keywords:

• Green synthesis
• heterogeneous catalysis
• hybrid material
• phthalazine-dione
• zeolite

Disclosure statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Data availability statement

The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material. Full experimental detail, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR spectra, and elemental analysis can be found via the “Supplementary Content” section of this article’s webpage.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the research council of Arak University.