Unveiling the cutting-edge synthetic methods and multifaceted applications of bis(pyrazolyl)methanes: A comprehensive review of recent advances

Abstract

Bis(pyrazolyl)methanes are basically the dimer of pyrazoles, attached with various linkers such as aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic moieties. This scaffold has been studied for its biological activity, corrosion inhibitory activity, and as a ligand in organometallics, and appeared as a valuable and unique moiety. These enormous properties have captivated the scientific community toward the advancement of potential pathways for its synthesis. The present review inclusively summarizes the advancements in the synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methane analogs during the recent five years (2018–2022) and their applications in different areas of life. The synthesis of bis(pyrazolyl)methanes has been divided on the basis of different types of catalysts viz nanocomposites, ionic liquids, metals, simple organic compounds, nature-occurring materials, and catalyst-free methods. More importantly, particular attention has been paid to the merits and demerits of reported methods with the comparative procedures.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Biological applications
• bispyrazoles
• green chemistry
• synthesis

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Department of Chemistry, M.L.S.U. Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, for providing necessary library facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India.