Catalytic Hydrogenation of L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): A Stereoselective Process for the Production of L-Gulono-1, 4-Lactone

Abstract

Reduction of functional groups with hydrogen gas is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry, dating to the first hydrogenation of ethene to ethane reported by Von Wilde in 1874¹. Indeed, alkenes are generally rapidly hydrogenated, in the presence of a catalyst, usually, platinum, Raney nickel, palladium, or rhodium on carbon, to the corresponding alkane via heterogeneous reaction. Most undergraduate, introductory texts introduce this reaction as occurring via a stermspecific syn addition, although this is an oversimplification, due to possible rearrangements on the catalyst surface². While the chemistry of Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), in regards to oxidative degradation, is well studied, its behavior under reductive conditions has been relatively overlooked. The catalytic reduction of ascorbic acid has been reported earlier (24 hours, palladium catalyst, water, 50°) by workers at Pfizer³.