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Research Article

A Carolingian Helmet from Pohansko near Břeclav (Czech Republic): Its Archaeological Context and Social Interpretation

 

Abstract

THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE REMAINS of an early medieval helmet found in 2015 at Pohansko near Břeclav (Czech Republic), one of the most important central places of an early medieval polity called Great Moravia. It is the first Carolingian helmet from Central Europe to be discovered in a settlement context during a conventional archaeological excavation. The helmet is dated by stratigraphic and radiocarbon methods, and placed in a broader European context based on the collected analogies. The authors also attempt a social interpretation of this extraordinary artefact and propose a hypothesis about the owner of this valuable piece of armour.

Résumé

Un casque carolingien de Pohansko, près de Břeclav (République Tchèque) : contexte archéologique et interprétation sociale par Tomáš Vlasatý, Petr Dresler, Vojtěch Nosek et Jiří Macháček

Ce papier présente les vestiges d’un casque du début du Moyen-Âge retrouvé en 2015 à Pohansko, près de Břeclav (République Tchèque), l’un des plus importants lieux centraux d’un régime politique dénommé Grande-Moravie. C’est le premier casque carolingien d’Europe centrale ayant été découvert dans un contexte de peuplement au cours d’une campagne de fouilles archéologiques programmée. Le casque est daté au moyen de méthodes stratigraphique et radiocarbone, et placé dans un contexte européen plus large fondé sur les analogies recueillies. Les auteurs font également une tentative d’interprétation sociale de cet extraordinaire artefact et proposent une hypothèse concernant le propriétaire de cette pièce d’armure estimable.

Zussamenfassung

Ein karolingischer Helm aus Pohansko bei Břeclav (Tschechische Republik): Archäologischer Kontext und soziale Interpretation von Tomáš Vlasatý, Petr Dresler, Vojtěch Nosek und Jiří Macháček

In diesem Beitrag werden die Überreste eines frühmittelalterlichen Helms vorgestellt, der 2015 in Pohansko bei Břeclav (Tschechische Republik) gefunden wurde, einem der wichtigsten zentralen Orte eines frühmittelalterlichen Regnums namens Großmähren. Es handelt sich um den ersten karolingischen Helm aus Mitteleuropa, der während einer konventionellen archäologischen Ausgrabung in einem Siedlungskontext entdeckt wurde. Der Helm wird durch stratigraphische und Radiokarbon-Methoden datiert und anhand der gesammelten Analogien in einen breiteren europäischen Kontext gestellt. Die Autoren versuchen auch eine soziale Interpretation dieses außergewöhnlichen Artefakts und stellen eine Hypothese über den Besitzer dieses wertvollen Rüstungsstücks auf.

Riassunto

Un elmo carolingio da Pohansko presso Břeclav (Repubblica Ceca): il contesto archeologico e l’interpretazione sociale di Tomáš Vlasatý, Petr Dresler, Vojtěch Nosek e Jiří Macháček

Questo studio presenta quanto rimane di un elmo altomedievale rinvenuto nel 2015 a Pohansko, presso Břeclav (Repubblica Ceca), uno dei centri più importanti di uno stato altomedievale chiamato Grande Moravia. Si tratta del primo elmo carolingio proveniente dall’Europa centrale rinvenuto in un abitato durante scavi archeologici convenzionali. L’elmo è stato datato con i metodi stratigrafici e al radiocarbonio e assegnato a un più ampio contesto europeo in base alle analogie raccolte. Gli autori propongono anche un’interpretazione sociale di questo straordinario manufatto e azzardano un’ipotesi relativa al proprietario di questa preziosa parte dell’armatura.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to thank Martin Košťál, who together with Vojtěch Nosek worked on the digital reconstruction of the helmet from Pohansko.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

5 The monograph is also available online at: <https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/handle/11222.digilib/144139>.

6 Two samples were measured from each and calibrated in the OxCal v4.4.4 programme (Bronk Ramsey Citation2009; Bronk Ramsey and Lee Citation2013) using the InCal20 calibration curve (Reimer et al Citation2020).

7 The acquired 3D data is publicly available online on the Sketchfab platform: <https://sketchfab.com/vojtanosek/collections/poh_helmet>

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA ČR) under Grant GX21-17092X, ‘The Formation of Multi-ethnic Complex Societies in Early Medieval Moravia. Collective Action Theory and Interdisciplinary Approach’. The project PI and corresponding author is Jiří Macháček.

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