Optimization of building energy performance through passive design measures in the Mediterranean climate

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical study combining different passive measures to improve the energy efficiency of a building. These measures include night ventilation and physical design such as building materials, thermal insulation as well as window configuration combined with winter and summer solar shading. The study focuses on a basic classroom prototype that complies with the Algerian buildings. It took the city of Constantine in Algeria as a case study for the warm temperate climate of the Mediterranean regions. The results show that adopting such passive measures reduces the building's energy demand from 67.5 to 15.7 kWh/m² for heating and from 7.7 to 5.7 kWh/m² for cooling. This leads to an annual reduction of 53.8 kWh/m², or an energy saving of 72% per year. Furthermore, CO₂ emissions were reduced by 72% passing then from 1772 to 499 kg/year. Thus, a correlative reduction between energy demand and carbon footprint is observed. The economic analysis shows that life cycle costs are influenced by energy prices in different countries and that the profitability of these measures strongly depends on whether these prices are subsidised or not.

KEYWORDS:

• Passive design measures
• building design
• numerical study
• energy demand
• Life cycle cost
• CO₂ emissions