The precursors’s adaptation to pregnancy, prenatal attachment and maternal self-confidence

Abstract

We investigated the precursors for prenatal attachment (PA), adaptation to pregnancy and maternal self-confidence, and the relationship of these variables with each other. This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2020. Data were obtained using an online survey from social media groups. The mean Prenatal Self Evaluation Questionnaire scores of women had a negative and moderate correlation with mean Pharis Self-Confidence Scale (r=–0.287, p=.000) and negative and weak correlation with mean Prenatal Attachment Inventory scores (r=–0.317, p=.000). Women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques had a higher level of readiness to give birth (17.62 ± 5.22) than women who conceived spontaneously (29.57 ± 6.15) (β=–0.285, t=–3.547, p=.002). We concluded that when women’s adaptation to pregnancy increased in the prenatal period, their PA level and self-confidence towards baby care increased. The results of this study may guide healthcare professionals in terms of improving care for women who have attachment and adaptation problems during pregnancy. Women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques can be reassured that infertility does not have a negative impact on their readiness for birth. Healthcare professionals could ensure adaptation in women who have problems with adaptation during pregnancy by initiating interventions that support PA and increase the maternal self-confidence levels of women.

Impact Statement

• What is already known on this subject? There were few studies examining the relationship between women’s conception style with prenatal attachment (PA), adaptation to pregnancy, and maternal self-efficacy.

• What do the results of this study add? In this study, it was determined that women who conceived following assisted reproductive techniques have higher levels of being ready to give birth than women who conceived spontaneously without medical assistance. Additionally, it was found that as women evaluate themselves positively in the prenatal period, their PA and maternal self-confidence level regarding baby care increased.

• What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Since this study examines the precursors of maternal self-confidence, PA and adaptation to pregnancy in Turkish pregnant women, it was shown that studies in different cultures are needed in terms of generalisability of the results. In addition, there is a need to identify risky women who have low self-confidence in baby care during pregnancy and have attachment and adjustment problems, and to culture-specific intervention programs need to be developed and tested.

Keywords:

• Adaptation to pregnancy
• maternal self-confidence
• nursing
• prenatal attachment-bonding

Author contributions

Conception and design of the study: GT;

acquisition of data: GT, MA and IB;

data analysis: GT and MA;

interpretation of data: MA and IB;

drafting the article: GT, MA and IB;

final approval: GT, MA and IB.

Disclosure statement

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.