Dietary Patterns as Predictors of Prostate Cancer in Jamaican Men

Abstract

Studies of diet and prostate cancer have focused primarily on food and nutrients; however, dietary patterns examine the overall diet, particularly foods eaten in combination, and risk of disease. We evaluated the association of dietary patterns and prostate cancer and low- and high-grade subgroups in Jamaican men. In a case-control study, we enrolled 243 incident cases and 273 urology controls in Jamaican clinics, March 2005–July 2007. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Four food patterns were identified: a “vegetable and legume” pattern, a “fast food” pattern, a “meat” pattern, and a “refined carbohydrate” pattern. Men in the highest tertile for the refined carbohydrate pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice, pasta, sugar sweetened beverages, and sweet baked foods were at increased risk of total prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–3.87 (P_{trend =} 0.029)] and low-grade disease [OR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.18–7.13 (P_{trend =} 0.019)] compared with men in the lowest tertile. The vegetable and legumes pattern (healthy), meat pattern, or fast food pattern were not associated with prostate cancer risk. These data suggest a carbohydrate dietary pattern high in refined carbohydrates may be a risk factor for prostate cancer in Jamaican men.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by the National Health Fund (HSF19), CHASE Fund, and the Planning Institute of Jamaica (77/854). The authors wish to thank the the research nurses—Panton, Elsa Brown, Nicola Meeks-Aitken, and Donnahae Rhoden-Salmon—and the study participants for their support in the investigation.