Psychological aspects of living with an artificial eye

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Artificial eye clinics address physical and aesthetic aspects of orbital prostheses, but psychological effects may not be formally addressed. In general, without effective coping mechanisms, stress can lead to anxiety and depression. This study aims to determine, in the context of having an artificial eye, whether coping strategies, as well as perception of illness and other demographic and clinical variables are associated with anxiety or depression.

Methods

Consecutive patients attending two artificial eye clinics were invited to participate in this audit. Participants completed questionnaires: HADS, Brief IPQ and Brief COPE. Variables with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.2 with anxiety or depression were included in regression modeling. The extent to which the participants’ emotional and cognitive representations of their artificial eye related to feelings of anxiety and depression was determined.

Results

In the cohort of 208, clinically significant anxiety was present in 29.5% and clinically significant depression was present in 8.4%. Perceptions of the impact of the artificial eye and self-blame as a coping strategy were correlated with anxiety. Depression levels were higher when participants believed that their artificial eye had a greater impact on their life, when they lived alone, and when they used substances as a coping strategy.

Conclusion

Significant levels of anxiety exist in those living with artificial eyes, with various coping strategies used. Addressing this and offering alternative coping strategies may improve patient well being and overall satisfaction.

KEYWORDS:

• Anxiety
• artificial eye
• coping mechanisms
• depression

Acknowledgments

Staff at Moorfields Eye Hospital London who facilitated access to patients at the artificial eye clinic, the patients themselves for contributing to audit and quality assurance work, and Sinead Coyle of the Artificial Eye Department at the Belfast Health and Social Care Trust.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/publication of this article.