Modulation of neuromuscular synapses and contraction in Drosophila 3rd instar larvae

Abstract

Over the past four decades, Drosophila melanogaster has become an increasingly important model system for studying the modulation of chemical synapses and muscle contraction by cotransmitters and neurohormones. This review describes how advantages provided by Drosophila have been utilized to investigate synaptic modulation, and it discusses key findings from investigations of cotransmitters and neurohormones that act on body wall muscles of 3rd instar Drosophila larvae. These studies have contributed much to our understanding of how neuromuscular systems are modulated by neuropeptides and biogenic amines, but there are still gaps in relating these peripheral modulatory effects to behavior.

KEYWORDS::

• Drosophila
• synaptic modulation
• neuropeptides
• octopamine
• tyramine
• FMRFamide
• proctolin
• muscle contraction
• third instar larvae

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada grant 46292.