Synthesis of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of sponge gourd peels and their application for the prevention of mild steel corrosion in saline water

Abstract

Natural and waste materials could be a successful and economical strategy for saving metals from corrosion because they could easily exchange electrons with the metals through their biomolecules. This work reported the use of waste sponge gourd peels (SGP) for the suppression of mild steel (MS) loss after dipping in 0.5 M NaCl. The water and ethanolic extracts of sponge gourd peels (SGPAE and SGPEE) had been prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both extracts were found to be loaded with biomolecules. SGPAE was used as an inhibitor, and SGPEE was utilized as a coating. Different concentrations (50–300 mg L⁻¹) of SGPAE were added to 0.5 M NaCl, and SGPEE layers (1–5) were deposited on MS via drop casting and then exposed to salty water. The corrosion testing had been performed by open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring, Tafel polarization curves (TC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field ion emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The testing had shown that both extracts were effective against MS corrosion. SGPAE had shown maximum inhibition at 200 mg L⁻¹ (75%), and SGPEE had shown maximum protection of 83% for 4 layers. The cause of MS protection by SGP was claimed to be the coverage of MS by the adsorbed molecules (SGPAE) or thin barrier layers of molecules (SGPEE). The reason for protection was also explained through an illustration.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Mild steel
• NaCl
• sponge gourd
• oCP
• eIS
• fESEM

Acknowledgements

The saransh bhardwaj would like to thank achyut mishra of CAS Lucknow for his support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Credit authorship statement

Dr. Aniruddha Jaiswal has done spectroscopic studies and prepared the initial draft of the manuscript. Mr. Saransh Bhardwaj has performed all the corrosion experiments and preliminary data analysis. Mr. Shivam Rai has done surface analysis. Mr. Indresh Pandey has prepared the extracts. Dr. Gopal Ji has supervised the whole work, done the final corrosion analysis, and prepared the final draft of the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The authors did not receive any grant from the agencies.