Determinant factors of cyberbullying behaviour among Indonesian adolescents

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine 1) the effect of religiosity, conformity, and authoritarian parenting on self-control; and 2) the effect of religiosity, conformity, and authoritarian parenting on adolescent cyberbullying behaviour, either directly or indirectly through self-control. Participants were 2,763 high school students (M_age = 16 years, SD = 0.95). The majority were from rural areas (65.5%), females (76.7%), and Muslims (98.8%). Path analysis found religiosity, conformity, and authoritarian parenting have direct effects on cyberbullying and indirect effect via self-control. Religiosity and conformity could be protective factors against adolescent cyberbullying behaviour, and conversely, authoritarian parenting could be promotive to adolescent cyberbullying behaviour. Self-control that could be strengthened through religiosity and group-conformity and weakened by authoritarian parenting, could prevent adolescents from engaging in cyberbullying behaviour.

KEYWORDS:

• Religiosity
• conformity
• parenting
• self-control
• high school students

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, participants, teachers, and parents for their support in conducting this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Availability of data and material

Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on request and the instruments used to collect data are available as Supplements.

Authors’ contributions

BB, NAHN, KZ, AL contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by BB, AW, DD. Data analysis was performed by BB, AW, AL. The first draught of the manuscript was written by BB, NAHN, KZ. All authors commented and provided critical feedback. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada – Dr. Sardjito General Hospital (KE/FK/1161/EC/2021).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2023.2295442

Additional information

Funding

This research is funded by Universitas Islam Negeri Semarang based on Rector’s Letter Decree (Surat Keputusan Rektor) Number 1491/Un.10.0/R/R/HK.01.02/7/2021 about the grants of BOPTN in research, community service and research publication in 2021.