Cryptococcus neoformans in Papua New Guinea: a common pathogen but an elusive source

I.F. Laurenson Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea

D.G. Lalloo Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

S. Naraqi Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea

R.A. Seaton Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A.J. Trevett Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A. Matuka Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea

I.H. Kevau Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea

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Abstract

Around Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG), the annual incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is estimated to be up to 42·8 per million population; Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii is the predominant causative agent. In Australia and California, environmental isolations have established an ecological association of C. neoformans var. gattii with Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, and more recently E. rudis and E. gomphcephala. In PNG few E. camaldulensis survive experimental planting, E. tereticornis is endemic and there are no records of planting of the non-endemic E. rudis and E. gomphcephela. Despite extensive sampling of eucalypt-associated and other sources, we were unable to identify the ecological niche of C. neoformans var. gattii and neoformans in this region.

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Cryptococcus neoformans in Papua New Guinea: a common pathogen but an elusive source

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