Characteristics of non-smoking adult asthma patients with chronic airflow limitation

ABSTRACT

Objective: Chronic airflow limitation (CAL) can develop in a subgroup of patients with asthma. Characterising these patients is important because reduced lung function is a risk factor for adverse asthma outcomes. We hypothesised that heterogeneity in patients with CAL may be influenced by age at asthma onset. We first compared never-smoking asthma patients with and without CAL, and subsequently examined the differences between patients with late and early-onset asthma within the CAL cohort. Methods: Patients seen in our hospital's respiratory clinic between 1 Jan 2015 and 31 December 2015 were recruited to the study. CAL was defined as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)<80% predicted, in the presence of post-bronchodilator ratio <70%. Variables independently associated with CAL were determined using a multivariate logistic regression model. Comparisons between patients with late-onset asthma (age ≥18 years) and early-onset asthma were made within the CAL cohort. Results: 247 patients were included in the study. Age was the only variable independently associated with CAL after regression analysis, with an increase in odds of 3.8% (95% CI 0.4–7.3%) for every 1 year increase in age, p = 0.027. 63.2% of patients with CAL had late-onset asthma. Compared to patients with early-onset asthma, those with late-onset asthma had higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (43 ± 32 ppb vs 20 ± 8 pb, p = 0.008). Conclusions: An increase in age is associated with CAL in never-smoking asthma patients. In addition, age at asthma onset appears to influence airway inflammation in patients with CAL.

KEYWORDS:

• Eosinophils
• fractional exhaled nitric oxide
• late onset

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the article.