Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with disease activity irrespective of the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the association of the presence of lymphocytotoxic, anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2‐GPI) and anti‐ribosomal P (anti‐P) antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), presenting or not neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestations, stratified according to the activity of the disease.

Methods: A total of 138 patients with SLE (59 with active NPSLE, 49 with active non‐NPSLE, and 30 with inactive disease) and 57 healthy controls were studied. Disease activity was assessed by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). The presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies was assessed using a complement‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity assay. The presence of anti‐β2‐GPI and anti‐P antibodies was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected primarily in patients with active disease, that is in 35 out of 59 (59.3%) NPSLE and 23 out of 49 (46.9%) non‐NPSLE patients, whereas only four out of 30 (13.3%) inactive SLE patients and none of the healthy controls exhibited the autoantibody. The frequency of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in active SLE patients, considered as a whole or stratified into NPSLE or non‐NPSLE, was significantly increased in relation to inactive SLE patients (p<0.001 for each comparison). No significant difference was observed when comparing active NPSLE with non‐NPSLE patients. No associations were observed between the presence of anti‐β2‐GPI or anti‐P antibodies and the activity of SLE or the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies.

Conclusions: Lymphocytotoxic antibodies occurred more frequently in patients with active SLE than in patients with inactive disease, irrespective of the presence of NP manifestations, a finding that is similar to classical biomarkers of lupus activity (anti‐dsDNA and complement). These results indicate that the assessment of the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies may be an additional useful tool for the evaluation of SLE activity.