Effectiveness of digital tools for smoking cessation in Asian countries: a systematic review

Abstract

Aim

The use of tobacco is responsible for many preventable diseases and deaths worldwide. Digital interventions have greatly improved patient health and clinical care and have proven to be effective for quitting smoking in the general population due to their flexibility and potential for personalization. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions for smoking cessation in Asian countries.

Methods

Three major databases – Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and PubMed – for relevant studies published between 1 January 2010 and 12 February 2023 were searched for studies evaluating the effectiveness of digital intervention for smoking cessation in Asian countries.

Results

A total of 25 studies of varying designs were eligible for this study collectively involving a total of n = 22,005 participants from 9 countries. Among different digital tools for smoking cessation, the highest abstinence rate (70%) was reported with cognitive behavioural theory (CBT)-based smoking cessation intervention via Facebook followed by smartphone app (60%), WhatsApp (59.9%), and Pharmacist counselling with Quit US smartphone app (58.4%). However, WhatsApp was preferred over Facebook intervention due to lower rates of relapse. WeChat was responsible for 15.6% and 41.8% 7-day point prevalence abstinence. For telephone/text messaging abstinence rate ranged from 8-44.3% and quit rates from 6.3% to 16.8%. Whereas, no significant impact of media/multimedia messages and web-based learning on smoking cessation was observed in this study.

Conclusion

Based on the study findings the use of digital tools can be considered an alternative and cost-effective smoking cessation intervention as compared to traditional smoking cessation interventions.

Keywords:

• Tobacco use
• Cognitive behavioural theory
• Human and health
• Tobacco control
• Tobacco addiction
• Public health
• Medicine

Author contributions

Conceptualization: LCM, KWG, AH; Formal analysis: IUR, ZA, LCM, AH; Funding acquisition: LCM; Investigation: LCM, YMW, CST; Resources: IUR, LCM; Validation: LCM, AH, KWG, CST; Interpretation of data: IUR, ZA, LCM, KWG, AH; Writing – original draft: IUR, ZA, YMW, CST, AH; Writing – review & editing: LCM, KWG. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data are not publicly available but may be accessed upon request.

Additional information

Funding

The research leading to these results has received funding supports from Universitas Airlangga under the Grant agreement of International Research Collaboration.