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Abstract
High‐density lipoproteins (HDL) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their apparent role in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). There is convincing evidence that apolipoprotein (apo) A‐I, the main protein component in HDL, is a major mediator of HDL function that interacts with a host of plasma enzymes and cell surface proteins. ApoA‐I is highly adaptable and may associate with, and modulate the function of, different HDL subspecies. To better understand HDL function, studies have focused on apoA‐I structure in reconstituted HDL species that model different native subclasses of HDL. Powerful experimental strategies, such as X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry, combined with chemical cross‐linking and spectroscopy, have dramatically improved our understanding of apoA‐I structure in reconstituted HDL. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of apoA‐I structure and look forward to methodological developments in the near future that will allow the study of apoA‐I in native subspecies of HDL found in human plasma.
| Abbreviations | ||
| apoA‐I | = | apolipoprotein A‐I |
| ABCA‐1 | = | adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A‐I |
| CETP | = | cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
| CHD | = | coronary heart disease |
| EPR | = | electron spin resonance |
| FCT | = | forward cholesterol transport |
| HDL | = | high‐density lipoproteins |
| HDL‐C | = | high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LpA‐I | = | HDL that contain only apoA‐I |
| LpA‐I/A‐II | = | HDL that contain both apoA‐I and apoA‐II |
| LDL‐C | = | low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| PLTP | = | phospholipid transfer protein |
| RCT | = | reverse cholesterol transport |
| rHDL | = | reconstituted HDL |
| FRET | = | fluorescence resonance energy transfer |
| Abbreviations | ||
| apoA‐I | = | apolipoprotein A‐I |
| ABCA‐1 | = | adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A‐I |
| CETP | = | cholesteryl ester transfer protein |
| CHD | = | coronary heart disease |
| EPR | = | electron spin resonance |
| FCT | = | forward cholesterol transport |
| HDL | = | high‐density lipoproteins |
| HDL‐C | = | high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LpA‐I | = | HDL that contain only apoA‐I |
| LpA‐I/A‐II | = | HDL that contain both apoA‐I and apoA‐II |
| LDL‐C | = | low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| PLTP | = | phospholipid transfer protein |
| RCT | = | reverse cholesterol transport |
| rHDL | = | reconstituted HDL |
| FRET | = | fluorescence resonance energy transfer |