Birthplace predicts risk for prehospital sudden cardiac death in middle-aged men who migrated to metropolitan area: The Helsinki Sudden Death Study

Abstract

Background. Eastern-born male Finns, irrespective of their place of residence, have high mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), and half of such deaths are sudden.

Aim. To study whether eastern birthplace alone or combined with life-style factors predicts risk for prehospital sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the new (west) low-mortality area of residence.

Method. Prospective case-control autopsy study of all (700) out-of-hospital deaths of men aged 35–69 years in metropolitan Helsinki during 1981–82 and 1991–92. Data on CHD risk factors were obtained for 405, of whom 149 died of SCD (cases) and 256 of other causes (controls).

Results. A birthplace-by-age interaction with SCD (P=0.024) and with myocardial infarction (P=0.005) appeared. Men ≤54 years born in the east were more often victims of SCD (odds ratio 2.99, 95% confidence interval 1.38–6.49, P=0.006) than were men born in the west, independently of CHD risk factors. SCD was predicted also by alcohol consumption, age, smoking, and hypertension. Amongst older (>54 years) men no association with birthplace was any longer evident, but alcohol and socio-economic status predicted SCD.

Conclusions. Birthplace-based risk for SCD suggests the contribution of early life environment or genetic east-west differences, reflecting Finns’ two-phase settlement history.

• Birthplace
• Finland
• risk factors
• sudden cardiac death

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Paula Maasilta, for her valuable comments on the manuscript.

This work was supported by the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, the Finnish Foundation of Alcohol Research, the Elli and Elvi Oksanen Fund of the Pirkanmaa Fund under the auspices of the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Medical Research Fund of Tampere University Hospital, the Finnish Medical Foundation and the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, the Maili Autio Fund, Kaisa Ahonen Fund, and Ester and Ilmari Pohto Fund under the auspices of the Finnish Cultural Foundation.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.