Auditory and Olfactory Copying in Intelligence: Brain and Thought Modifications Beyond the Word

Abstract

For those who command the machine, regulate the satellite, or handle operations in the field, everything depends on the brain, on the human being. According to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the sixth domain where conflict will occur and peace will have to be managed is the cognitive one, made official in 2021. It becomes the most important of all. In the end, the match will be won by whoever will have practitioners, analysts, or those deployed in the field with the best brain. Experiments are being carried out in some countries where the human brain gets physically connected to the machine so that the machine can learn how the human brain works. However, a machine will learn from that person’s brain, with all their limitations, biases, and fears, therefore already having numerous flaws in its system, without considering the ethical disputableness of this kind of thing. There is a way to win in the sixth domain: enhancing the intelligence practitioners’ capabilities, which is doable thanks to the latest studies and techniques developed. It is, therefore, possible, without medicines, drugs, or electrical and electronic equipment, to augment the mental capability and plasticity of those who will have to win these challenges.

This article is related to:

The Psychology of Intelligence

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1 Bernard Claverie, Baptiste Prébot, Norbou Buchler, and François Du Cluzel, “Cognitive Warfare,” in First NATO Scientific Meeting on Cognitive Warfare (Bordeaux: NATO-STO Collaboration Support Office, with the support of NATO-ACT Innovation Hub, Bordeaux ENSC, the French Armed Forces Joint Staff and the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine, 2021).

2 Ibid.

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4 Sabrina Magris, Perla Di Gioia, Ilaria Lamonato, Livia Stefania Mihalache, and Davide Bellomo, “To Have Alternatives, You Must Be Able to Think of Them,” The Journal of the Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence, Vol. 28, No. 2–3 (2020), pp. 68–82.

5 The physiological bias is the elaboration of internal or external information aimed to cover up what is missed of the real information. The brain creates an ostensible version of what happens—based on the information it has already stored, without codifying new information—because it does not have the reality of what happens. At the neural level, it indicates the deficiency of substances that enable the connections between the parts of the brain involved, causing the noncodification of the information received. Davide Bellomo, What Is Biased Can Be Unbiased: The Neurological Process of Identification and Elimination of Biases Held by Professionals and Victims. Study Conducted Using Subject’s Brain Mapping to Evaluate Biases Caused by Trauma, Culture or Education. Poster presentation, End Violence Against Women International Conference (Chicago, IL, USA, 3–5 April 2018).

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7 Ibid.

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12 Siegel, La mente relazionale.

13 Mnemonic techniques, binocular techniques, and techniques related to synaptic reopening.

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15 “Design means how a place, the place where a subject is, modifies the behavior of the subject.” Further, “Design is transformed into design of the lie which is based on the inference that exists between places, objects, words and images, on how the individual modifies his behavior based on the places where he enters and/or is immersed.” Sabrina Magris, La svolta apicale: Come cambiare la mentalità e aumentare le capacità di leadership [The Apical Turn: How to Change Mentality and Augment Leadership Skills] (Castelfranco Veneto: Panda Edizioni, 2022).

16 It has been demonstrated that sight is not the organ that was believed to be for decades. Sight is deceiving. Where the brain does not see, it invents, whereas the auditory and olfactory organs have a lower error rate.

17 Davide Bellomo, “Presentation of Research Results,” Class at École Universitaire Internationale, Rome, Italy, March 2022.

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21 Kenneth N. Stevens and Sheila Ellen Blumstein, “Invariant Cues for Place of Articulation in Stop Consonants,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 64, No. 5 (1978), pp. 1358–1368. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382102; Kenneth N. Stevens, “Acoustics and Synthesis of Fricative Consonants,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 86, No. 47 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2027523; Kenneth N. Stevens, “Toward a Model for Lexical Access Based on Acoustic Landmarks and Distinctive Features,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 111, No. 4 (2002), pp. 1872–1891. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1458026

22 Robert P. Carlyon, John M. Deeks, Dennins G. Norris, and Sally Butterfield, “The Continuity Illusion and Vowel Identification,” Acta Acustica United with Acustica, Vol. 88 (2022), pp. 408–415.

23 Sabrina Magris, La svolta apicale: Come cambiare la mentalità e aumentare le capacità di leadership [The Apical Turn: How to Change Mentality and Augment Leadership Skills] (Castelfranco Veneto: Panda Edizioni, 2022).

24 Melissa R. Stauble, Laura A. Thompson, and Gin Morgan, “Increases in Cortisol are Positively Associated with Gains in Encoding and Maintenance Working Memory Performance in Young Men,” Stress, Vol. 16, No. 4 (2013), pp. 402–410. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2013.780236; Sandra Ackermann, Francina Hartmann, Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Dominique J. F. de Quervain, and Björn Rasch, “Associations between Basal Cortisol Levels and Memory Retrieval in Healthy Young Individuals,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 25, No. 11 (2013), pp. 1896–1907. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00440

25 Taylor, Dluhy and Williams, “Beta-Endorphin Suppresses Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol Levels in Normal Human Subjects,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 57, No. 3 (1983), pp. 592–596. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-57-3-592

26 Harvard University, “Endrophines: The Brain’s Natural Pain Reliever” (Harvard Health Publishing, July 2021), https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/endorphins-the-brains-natural-pain-reliever

Alexander Pilozzi, Caitlin Carro, and Xudong Huang, “Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism,” International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338

27 Induction of Phantosmia (olfactory induction).

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29 Zhijian Zhang, Qing Liu, Pengjie Wen, Jiaozhen Zhang, Xiaoping Rao, Ziming Zhou, Hongruo Zhang, et al., “Activation of the Dopaminergic Pathway from VTA to the Medial Olfactory Tubercle Generates Odor-Preference and Reward,” eLife, Vol. 6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25423; Shelly B. Flagel, Jeremy J. Clark, Terry E. Robinson, Leah Mayo, Alayna Czuj, Ingo Willuhn, Christina A. Akers, Sarah M. Clinton, Paul E. M. Phillips, and Huda Akil, “A Selective Role for Dopamine in Stimulus–Reward Learning,” Nature, Vol. 469 (2011), pp. 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09588

30 David E. Linden, “How Psychotherapy Changes the Brain—The Contribution of Functional Neuroimaging,” Molecular Psychiatry, Vol. 11 No. 6 (2006), pp. 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001816; Karlsson Hasse, “How Psychotherapy Changes the Brain,” Psychiatric Times, Vol. 28, No. 8 (2011).

31 The first studies related to Linguistic Intelligence and to eight types of intelligence related to the brain were published in 1983 in the work-study by Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (New York: Basic Books, 1983).

32 Psych Evolving is a composite method that permits one to augment the capabilities of the human being with specific purpose for intelligence practitioners; it is a method that has been tested on 1,000 subjects subdivided among psychological method, neurophysiological method, and combined method with the purpose of having a comprehensive scientific assessment. Thus, Psych Evolving is a theory that combines the latest medical–academic findings along with the recent discoveries in the field of neuropsychology, analyzing issues and providing solutions applied to intelligence and having roots in human enhancement (here considered as mental human enhancement, and—in order to avoid critics—without the use of meds or drugs). Within the Psych Evolving framework, a dedicated protocol has been developed and it is already used by some Western intelligence agencies, army special forces, and police special units. Davide Bellomo, Psych Evolving Method (Rome: École Universitaire Internationale, 2014).

33 Boian S. Alexandrov, Vladimir Gelev, Alan R. Bishop, Anny Usheva, and Kim Ø. Rasmussen, “DNA Breathing Dynamics in the Presence of a Terahertz Field,” Physics Letters A, Vol. 374, No. 10 (2009): 1214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.077

34 Ibid.

35 Video: Illusion of the Charlie Chaplin Mask (public source: https://youtu.be/JLgXTzbZpDQ). This astounding illusion was first described by Richard Gregory, a pioneer of cognitive psychology. Much of his scientific work involved the development and interpretation of visual illusions, which he used as a tool to work out the perceptual mechanisms involved in the way the visual world is normally perceived; Michael Spivey, Daniel Richardson, and Rick Dale, “The Movement of Eye and Hand as a Window into Language and Cognition,” in Oxford Handbook of Human Action, edited by E. Morsella, J. A. Bargh, and P. M. Gollwitzer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 225–249.

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37 These are some of the actions that can be accomplished using auditory copying.

38 Harry McGurk and John MacDonald, “Hearing Lips and Seeing voices,” Nature, Vol. 264 (1976), pp. 746–748; John MacDonald and Harry McGurk, “Visual Influences on Speech Perception Processes,” Perception & Psychophysics, Vol. 24, No. 3 (1978), pp. 253–257. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206096

39 Davide Bellomo and Sabrina Magris, Psych Evolving Method and Protocol (Rome: École Universitaire Internationale, 2017).

40 Davide Bellomo and Stefania Livia Mihalache, “The Importance of Intelligence Training: The New Frontiers: Using Neuroscience, Medicine, and Psychology to Augment the Cerebral-Cognitive Capabilities of Intelligence Practitioners,” Journal of European and American Intelligence Studies, Vol. 6, No.1 (2023), pp. 81–99.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Davide Bellomo

Davide Bellomo, Ph.D., is a former training advisor for United Nations Peace Support Operations. He is a Professor in operational intelligence, counterterrorism, hostage negotiation, psychological operations, and neuropsychology. He produced several operational manuals for various intelligence agencies in neuroscience, cognitive warfare, and human enhancement. The author can be contacted at [email protected].