Uptake of Ozone in Human Lungs and Its Relationship to Local Physiological Response

Abstract

To investigate whether intersubject variations in the dose of inhaled ozone (O₃) cause corresponding variations in the physiological response, 28 female and 32 male nonsmokers participated in a 1-h continuous inhalation of clean air or 0.25 ppm O₃ while exercising on a cycle ergometer at a constant ventilation rate of 30 L/min. The exposure protocols included continuous monitoring of respiratory flow rate and O₃ concentration from which O₃ uptake (OZU) and fractional uptake efficiency (UE) were computed. Pre-to-post changes in forced expired volume in 1 s (%ΔFEV₁), peripheral cross section for carbon dioxide diffusion (%Δ A_P), and Fowler dead space volume (V_D) were also measured for each exposure. Individual values of UE ranged from.70 to.98 among all the subjects, with significant differences (p < .05) existing between men and women. These intersubject differences were inversely correlated with breathing frequency and directly correlated with tidal volume. The mean ± SD values of %Δ FEV₁, %Δ A_P, and %Δ V_D were all significantly more negative in the O₃ exposure session (−13.31 ± 13.40, −8.14 ± 7.62, and −4.20 ± 5.12, respectively) than in the air exposure session (−0.06 ± 4.56, 0.22 ± 10.82, and −0.70 ± 6.88, respectively). Finally, our results showed that neither %ΔFEV₁ nor %Δ V_D was correlated OZU, whereas there was a significant relationship (ρ = −0.325, p = .0257) between %Δ A_P and OZU. We conclude that the overall uptake of O₃ is a weak predictor of intersubject variations in distal airspace response, but is not a predictor of intersubject variations in conducting airway responses.