The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Introduction: The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid to treat gestational diabetes remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the influence of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo on gestational diabetes.

Methods: We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through March 2018 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo on gestational diabetes. This meta-analysis is performed using the random-effect model.

Results: Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group for gestational diabetes, omega-3 fatty acid can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mean difference (MD) = −4.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −8.16 to −1.66; p = .003), homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, MD = −0.99; 95% CI = −1.61 to −0.37; p = .002), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, MD = −1.43; 95% CI = −2.54 to −0.31; p = .01), but has no remarkable influence on preterm delivery (RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 0.36–7.16; p = .53), gestational age (MD = 0.09; 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.20; p = .08), macrosomia (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.26–1.62; p = .3), newborn weight (MD = 3.37; 95% CI = −15.75 to 22.50; p = .73), and 5-min Apgar score (MD = 0; 95% CI = −0.02 to 0.02; p = .92).

Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acids is associated with significantly reduced FPG, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP in patients with gestational diabetes.

摘要

前言：ω-3脂肪酸治疗妊娠期糖尿病的疗效仍存在争议。我们进行了系统评价和meta分析, 以探讨ω-3脂肪酸相比于安慰剂对妊娠期糖尿病的影响。

方法：我们2018年3月在PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、EBSCO和Cochrane图书馆数据库中搜索评估ω-3脂肪酸相比于安慰剂对妊娠期糖尿病影响的随机对照研究（RCTs）。采用随机效应模型进行该meta分析。

结果：该meta分析纳入了5个RCTs。总的来说, 对于妊娠期糖尿病, ω-3脂肪酸相比于对照组可以明显降低空腹血糖（平均差（MD）=4.91；95% 可信区间（CI）=8.16 ∼ 1.66；p=0.003）, 胰岛素抵抗评估的稳态模型（HOMA-IR, MD=0.99；95% CI=1.61 ∼ 0.37；p= 0.002）, 高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP, MD=1.43；95% CI=2.54 ∼ 0.31；p= 0.01）, 但对以下无明显影响：早产（RR=1.61；95% CI=0.36 ∼7.16；p= 0.53）、孕周（MD=0.09；95% CI=0.01 ∼ 0.20；p= 0.08）、巨大儿（RR=0.64；95% CI=0.26 ∼1.62；p= 0.3）、新生儿出生体重（MD=3.37；95% CI=15.75 ∼ 22.50；p= 0.73）和5分钟Apgar评分（MD= 0；95% CI=0.02 ∼ 0.02；p= 0.92）。

结论：ω-3脂肪酸与妊娠期糖尿病患者的空腹血糖、HOMA-IR和hs-CRP显著降低有关。

Keywords:

• Omega-3 fatty acid
• gestational diabetes
• glycemic control
• fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.