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Magnetic Field Induced Apoptosis by Reactive Oxygen Species

A 60-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through reactive oxygen species

, , , , & , PhD
Pages 945-955 | Received 28 Nov 2007, Accepted 01 Sep 2008, Published online: 03 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the effects of power frequency magnetic fields (MF) on cell growth in prostate cancer, DU145, PC3, and LNCaP cells were examined in vitro.

Materials and methods: The cells were exposed to various intensities and durations of 60-Hz sinusoidal MF in combination with various serum concentrations in the media. To analyze MF effects on cell growth, cell counting, trypan blue exclusion assay, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), fluorescence microscopy, and spectrofluorometry were used.

Results: MF exposure induced significant cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in an intensity- and time-dependent manner, in which cell cycle arrest, cleaved Caspase-3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Pretreatment with a Caspase-3 inhibitor or antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), significantly attenuated MF-induced cell growth inhibition and cell death. Media replacement experiments failed to show any notable change in the MF effects.

Conclusions: These results demonstrate 60-Hz sinusoidal MF-activated cell growth inhibition of prostate cancer in vitro. Apoptosis together with cell cycle arrest were the dominant causes of the MF-elicited cell growth inhibition, mediated by MF-induced ROS. These results suggest that a possibility of using 60-Hz MF in radiation therapy of prostate cancer could usefully be investigated.

Abbreviations
ANOVA=

Analysis of variance

Bax=

Bcl-2-associated X protein

Bcl-2=

B-cell lymphoma 2 protein

BMP=

Bone morphogenic protein

Carboxy-H2DCFDA=

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

Con=

Control

DEVDfmk=

Asp (OMe)-Glu (OMe)-Val-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone

DMSO=

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EGF=

Epidermal growth factor

ELISA=

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

MF=

Magnetic field

NAC=

N-acetyl-l-cysteine

PBS=

Phosphate-buffered saline

PKC=

Protein kinase C

PMSF=

Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

ROS=

Reactive oxygen species

RPMI=

Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium

RT-PCR=

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

SDS=

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SEM=

Standard error of the mean

TGF-β=

Transforming growth factor-β

TPA=

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

Abbreviations
ANOVA=

Analysis of variance

Bax=

Bcl-2-associated X protein

Bcl-2=

B-cell lymphoma 2 protein

BMP=

Bone morphogenic protein

Carboxy-H2DCFDA=

5-(and-6)-Carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

Con=

Control

DEVDfmk=

Asp (OMe)-Glu (OMe)-Val-Asp (OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone

DMSO=

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EGF=

Epidermal growth factor

ELISA=

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

MF=

Magnetic field

NAC=

N-acetyl-l-cysteine

PBS=

Phosphate-buffered saline

PKC=

Protein kinase C

PMSF=

Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride

ROS=

Reactive oxygen species

RPMI=

Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium

RT-PCR=

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

SDS=

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SEM=

Standard error of the mean

TGF-β=

Transforming growth factor-β

TPA=

12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

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