Assessing the causal association between dietary vitamin intake and lymphoma risk: a Mendelian randomisation study

Abstract

Observational studies of diet-related vitamins and lymphoma risk results were inconsistent. Our study aimed to estimate the causality between dietary vitamin intake and lymphoma through a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study. We enrolled dietary-related retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 as exposures of interest, with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as the outcome. The causal effects were estimated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression analysis and weighted median, supplemented by sensitivity analyses. The results revealed that genetically predicted dietary vitamin B12 intake was associated with a reduced HL risk (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–0.91, p = 0.036). The Q test did not reveal heterogeneity, the MR-Egger test showed no significant intercepts, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis did not discover any SNP that affect the results. No causal relationship about dietary vitamin intake on the NHL risk was observed.

Keywords:

• Mendelian randomisation
• dietary vitamin
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• causal effect

Acknowledgments

We want to acknowledge the participants and investigators of the FinnGen study, the UK Biobank, the TAG, the Neale Lab, and the GIANT consortium.

Authors’ contributions

MZ and CS designed the research. JX, XC, TW, KX, YZ, SZ, PG, HC, and SF conducted the research. MZ analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. CS supervised the study conduct and reviewed the manuscript critically. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential competing interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

All data are publicly available. Summary GWAS statistics related to dietary vitamins are publicly available at https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk. FinnGen Consortium GWAS summary statistics for lymphoma are available at https://www.finngen.fi/en.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Henan University Science and Technology Innovation Talents Support Program [19HASTIT005].