Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the king’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale

Abstract

Purpose

Pain in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly prevalent non-motor symptom occurring in this population. The King’s PD Pain Scale (KPPS) was developed to assess pain in people with PD. This study aimed to provide a cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the KPPS into the Arabic language (A-KPPS), and to investigate the construct and convergent validity, internal consistency, and reliability of the translated scale.

Materials and Methods

The English KPPS was translated into Arabic and back-translated into English by an independent translation team. The Arabic version was tested in 103 native Arabic speaking PD patients. We assessed construct validity, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability of the A-KPPS using factor analysis method, comparison with other valid and reliable measures, and using intra-class correlations, respectively.

Results

The A-KPPS had three main factors “somatic pain”, “visceral and burning pain” and “orofacial pain”, rather than the original four factors scale. The A-KPPS correlated with measures of disease motor severity, depression, anxiety, quality of life and pain (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the A-KPPS total score had high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.9).

Conclusions

The A-KPPS demonstrated moderate to good validity and reliability. The A-KPPS can facilitate the assessment and treatment of pain in Arabic-speaking people with PD worldwide.

IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION

• Pain is a highly prevalent non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is often overlooked.

• The King’s PD Pain Scale (KPPS) is specially designed to assess pain localization, intensity, and frequency in people with PD.

• The Arabic translation of the KPPS is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of pain in Arabic speaking people with PD.

Keywords:

• Parkinson’s disease
• pain
• arabic language
• cross-cultural adaptation
• validity

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge all the participants of the study. Acknowledgement for funding support is to Jordan University of Science and Technology grant number [HK-20170012/HK-20170158]. Please note that anyone who wishes to access or use the A-KPPS must apply to the Mapi Research Trust (https://mapi-trust.org/contact/).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, HK, upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.