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Abstract
Research over the past year has revealed several significant and interesting advances in the biology of macrophage, key cells responsible in body's host defense against invading pathogens and in immune responses. Perturbation of macrophage surface with different bacterial pathogens leads to activate general signal transduction pathways of macrophages, including activation of NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, and so on. However, in this review, the results of macrophage interactions only with Leishmania parasites, which harbors the host macrophages, are discussed. It appears that interference in transduction of regulatory signals during leishmanial invasion lead to an inadequate leishmanicidal response. In this connection, information concerning regulation of MHC molecules and other current events related to macrophage function after invasion by the parasites are also discussed.
| Abbreviations | ||
| LPG | = | Lipophosphoglycan |
| GPI | = | Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol |
| Nramp1 | = | Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 |
| Ara-LAM | = | Arabinofuranosyl terminated lipoarabinomannan |
| IFN-γ | = | Interferon-γ |
| MSR-A | = | Macrophage scavenger receptor-A |
| MFR | = | Mannosyl fucosyl receptor |
| PKC | = | Protein kinase C |
| MHC | = | Major histocompatibility complex |
| LACK | = | Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C kinase |
| OVA | = | Ovalbumin |
| IL | = | Interleukin |
| TNF | = | Tumor necrosis factor |
| PBMC | = | Polymorphonuclear bone-marrow derived cells |
| LCL | = | Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis |
| MIP1 | = | Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 |
| LAMP-1 | = | Lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 |
| MCP-1 | = | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
| TGF-β | = | Tumour growth factor-β |
| RANTES | = | Regulated upon activation normal T-cells expressed and sec |
| MAPK | = | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
| ERK | = | Extracellular Signal Related Kinase |
| JAK | = | Janus activated kinase |
| JNK | = | c-jun N-terminal kinase |
| STAT | = | Signal transducers and activators of transcription |
| MyD88 | = | Myeloid Differentiation Marker 88. |
| Abbreviations | ||
| LPG | = | Lipophosphoglycan |
| GPI | = | Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol |
| Nramp1 | = | Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 |
| Ara-LAM | = | Arabinofuranosyl terminated lipoarabinomannan |
| IFN-γ | = | Interferon-γ |
| MSR-A | = | Macrophage scavenger receptor-A |
| MFR | = | Mannosyl fucosyl receptor |
| PKC | = | Protein kinase C |
| MHC | = | Major histocompatibility complex |
| LACK | = | Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C kinase |
| OVA | = | Ovalbumin |
| IL | = | Interleukin |
| TNF | = | Tumor necrosis factor |
| PBMC | = | Polymorphonuclear bone-marrow derived cells |
| LCL | = | Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis |
| MIP1 | = | Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 |
| LAMP-1 | = | Lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 |
| MCP-1 | = | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
| TGF-β | = | Tumour growth factor-β |
| RANTES | = | Regulated upon activation normal T-cells expressed and sec |
| MAPK | = | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
| ERK | = | Extracellular Signal Related Kinase |
| JAK | = | Janus activated kinase |
| JNK | = | c-jun N-terminal kinase |
| STAT | = | Signal transducers and activators of transcription |
| MyD88 | = | Myeloid Differentiation Marker 88. |