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Abstract
CD52 is a glycoprotein expressed on normal as well as leukemic immune cells and shed as soluble CD52 (sCD52). We studied sCD52 levels in three CLL cohorts: the ‘early’, the ‘high-risk’, and the ‘ibrutinib-treated’. The ‘high-risk’ patients had significantly higher sCD52 levels than the ‘early’ patients. For the ‘early’ patients, high sCD52 levels were associated with a significantly shorter time to first treatment. Regarding prognostic factors, no clear correlations with stage, IGHV, or beta-2-microglobulin were found; in a cox multivariate analysis of the ‘early’ patients, sCD52 and IGHV both had independent prognostic value. Following chemo-immunotherapy, sCD52 decreased in parallel with leukocytes while during ibrutinib treatment and ibrutinib-induced ymphocytosis, sCD52 decreased along with lymph node reductions. In vitro IgM stimulation of CLL cells led to increased sCD52 levels in the medium. Our findings indicate that sCD52 reflects disease activity and potentially treatment efficacy in CLL.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank statistician, Assoc. Prof. Lene T. Skovgaard at Copenhagen University, Prof. Niels Borregaard, and technician Charlotte Horn at the Laboratory of Granulocyte Research at Rigshospitalet, as well as the funding sources: The Danish Cancer Society, The Research Council of Rigshospitalet, The Danish Cancer Research Foundation, The Novo Nordisk Foundation, The Anders Hasselbalch Foundation, The Torben and Alice Frimodt Foundation, The Jakob Madsen and wife Olga Madsen Foundation, The Einar Willumsen Foundation, and The Eva and Henry Frænkel Foundation. Work done at NIH was supported through The Intramural Program of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.
Potential conflict of interest
Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10428194.2017.1285027.