Abstract
Tomato juice containing rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) was ingested by healthy volunteers and ileostomists. Blood and urine collected over 24 h were analysed by HPLC with photodiode array (PDA) and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Low concentrations of isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 4.3 ± 1.5 nmoles/l) and quercetin-3-glucuronide (Cmax = 12 ± 2 nmoles/l) were detected in plasma of healthy subjects. Metabolites appeared in blood after 4 h indicating absorption from the large intestine. Nine metabolites of rutin were detected in urine but with considerable variation in total amount (40 ± 1–4981 ± 115 nmoles over 24 h). No metabolites were detected in plasma or urine of ileostomists and 86 ± 3% of the ingested rutin was recovered in ileal fluid. In subjects with an intact large intestine, but not ileostomists, rutin was catabolised with the appearance of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in urine accounting for 22% of rutin intake.
Abbreviations | ||
HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
PDA | = | photodiode array |
MS2 | = | tandem mass spectrometry |
LPH | = | lactase phlorizin hydrolase |
CBG | = | cytosolic β-glucosidase |
ESI | = | electrospray ionisation |
APCI | = | atmospheric pressure chemical ionization |
Abbreviations | ||
HPLC | = | high performance liquid chromatography |
PDA | = | photodiode array |
MS2 | = | tandem mass spectrometry |
LPH | = | lactase phlorizin hydrolase |
CBG | = | cytosolic β-glucosidase |
ESI | = | electrospray ionisation |
APCI | = | atmospheric pressure chemical ionization |
Notes
‡ Present address: Biotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural, Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 12301, G.P.O., 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
† Funded by the Malaysian Agricultural, Research and Development Institute.