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Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is a hallmark of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study compares serum protein oxidation levels in SLE patients without and with renal involvement (lupus nephritis); the latter have a significantly poorer prognosis. Similar increases in protein carbonyls and decreases in protein thiols were observed in both SLE groups compared to controls. Protein carbonyl distribution, determined by Western blotting of 2D gels, was similar in both SLE groups, suggesting factors other than oxidation also play a role in SLE complications. 2D electrophoresis examined the serum proteome further. Six proteins were significantly decreased in non-renal SLE patients compared to controls; five were identified by mass spectrometry, including one isoform of pro-atherogenic apoCIII. Total apoCIII levels (assessed by ELISA) in lupus nephritis patients were significantly elevated compared to controls or non-renal SLE patients. Thus, levels of oxidized proteins and apoCIII may be useful biomarkers in SLE studies.
| Abbreviations | ||
| anti-dsDNA | = | antibodies to double-stranded DNA |
| apoCIII | = | apolipoprotein CIII |
| BCA | = | bicinchoninic acid |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| CHAPS | = | 3-[(3-chloramidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate |
| CRP | = | C-reactive protein |
| DTT | = | dithiothreitol |
| EDTA | = | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| ELISA | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ESR | = | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Hb | = | haemoglobin |
| HSA | = | human serum albumin |
| IEF | = | isoelectric focusing |
| Ig | = | immunoglobulin |
| IPG | = | immobilized pH gradient |
| Met(O) | = | methionine sulphoxide |
| PAGE | = | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| rpm | = | revolutions per minute |
| SDS | = | sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SLE | = | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLEDAI | = | systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index |
| TFA | = | trifluoroacetic acid |
| Abbreviations | ||
| anti-dsDNA | = | antibodies to double-stranded DNA |
| apoCIII | = | apolipoprotein CIII |
| BCA | = | bicinchoninic acid |
| BSA | = | bovine serum albumin |
| CHAPS | = | 3-[(3-chloramidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate |
| CRP | = | C-reactive protein |
| DTT | = | dithiothreitol |
| EDTA | = | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| ELISA | = | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| ESR | = | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Hb | = | haemoglobin |
| HSA | = | human serum albumin |
| IEF | = | isoelectric focusing |
| Ig | = | immunoglobulin |
| IPG | = | immobilized pH gradient |
| Met(O) | = | methionine sulphoxide |
| PAGE | = | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| rpm | = | revolutions per minute |
| SDS | = | sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| SLE | = | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SLEDAI | = | systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index |
| TFA | = | trifluoroacetic acid |