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Abstract
UV solar radiation is the major environmental risk factor for malignant melanoma. A great effort is currently posed on the search of new compounds able to prevent or reduce UV-mediated cell damage. Ferulic acid is a natural compound recently included in the formulation of solar protecting dermatological products. The purpose of the present work was to assess whether its ethyl ester derivative, FAEE, could protect skin melanocytes from UV-induced oxidative stress and cell damage. Experiments on human melanocytes irradiated with UVB showed that FAEE treatment reduced the generation of ROS, with a net decrease of protein oxidation. FAEE treatment was accompanied by an induction of HSP70 and heme oxygenase, by a marked suppression of PARP activation and a significant suppression of apoptosis. Moreover FAEE prevented iNOS induction, thus suppressing the secondary generation of NO-derived oxidizing agents. FAEE may represent a potentially effective pharmacological approach to reduce UV radiation-induced skin damage.
| Abbreviations | ||
| 3-NT | = | 3-nitrotyrosine |
| DCF | = | dichlorodihydrofluorescein |
| DCFH-DA | = | 2′,7′-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate |
| DNPH | = | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine |
| FA | = | ferulic acid |
| FAEE | = | ferulic acid ethyl ester |
| HNE | = | 4-hydroxy nonenal |
| HO-1 | = | heme oxygenase 1 |
| HSP70 | = | heat shock protein 70 |
| iNOS | = | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| MGM | = | melanocytes growth medium |
| MTT | = | 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
| NHEM | = | normal human epidermal melanocytes |
| PARP | = | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| RNS | = | reactive nitrogen species |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |
| Abbreviations | ||
| 3-NT | = | 3-nitrotyrosine |
| DCF | = | dichlorodihydrofluorescein |
| DCFH-DA | = | 2′,7′-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate |
| DNPH | = | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine |
| FA | = | ferulic acid |
| FAEE | = | ferulic acid ethyl ester |
| HNE | = | 4-hydroxy nonenal |
| HO-1 | = | heme oxygenase 1 |
| HSP70 | = | heat shock protein 70 |
| iNOS | = | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| MGM | = | melanocytes growth medium |
| MTT | = | 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
| NHEM | = | normal human epidermal melanocytes |
| PARP | = | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| RNS | = | reactive nitrogen species |
| ROS | = | reactive oxygen species |