Biocompatibility assessment of bovine serum albumin conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticle and their therapeutic role against microwave radiation induced haematological toxicity in male Wistar rats

Abstract

Microwave (MW) radiations are widely used in communications, radar and medical treatment and thus human exposure to MW radiations have increased tremendously, raising health concerns as MW has been implicated in induction of oxidative stress condition in our body. Few metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to mimic the activity of antioxidant enzymes and hence can be applied for the modulation of adverse effects caused by MW. Present study aimed to assess the biocompatibility of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MNP*) and to counteract the impact of MW on the haematological system of male Wistar rats. Experiments were conducted in two sets. Set I involved biodistribution and antioxidant activity evaluation of MNP* at different doses. Results showed a dose-dependent increase in antioxidant potential and significant biodistribution in the liver, spleen, kidney, and testis, with no organ damage, indicating its biocompatibility. Experiment set II constituted the study of separate and combined effects of MW and MNP* on haematological parameters, oxidative status, and genotoxic study in the blood of rats. MW exposure significantly altered red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume percentage, monocyte percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid. MW also induced significant DNA damage in the blood. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was also observed in MW exposed group. However, these alterations were reduced significantly when MNP* was administered. Thus, MNP* showed biocompatibility and modulatory effects against MW-induced alterations in the haematological system of rats.

Keywords:

• Microwave radiations
• BSA conjugated manganese dioxide nanoparticle
• biocompatibility
• free radical scavenging
• modulatory effect

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), School of Environmental Sciences, JNU, for providing ICP-OES for this study. The authors also thank Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for providing fluorescence microscope.

Authors’ contributions

SP performed the experimental studies, designing the experiment, data analysis, and manuscript writing. USG contributed to experimental studies, data analysis and editing. AMP helped in data analysis, manuscript writing and editing. JPN helped in setting up and measurement of microwave radiation parameters. PR helped in funding, experimental planning and manuscript finalization.

Availability of data and materials

Data are available in the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethical approval

Experimental protocols were recommended and approved (Code No. 23/2016) by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.

Additional information

Funding

SP is grateful to the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) (Sanction No. 09/263(1038)/2014-EMR-I) for providing fellowship for performing the study. Thankfully financial assistance is acknowledged for the INSPIRE fellowship (IF180104) of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India, to AMP.