Utilization of experimental design in the formulation and optimization of hyaluronic acid–based nanoemulgel loaded with a turmeric–curry leaf oil nanoemulsion for gingivitis

Abstract

Numerous problems affect oral health, and intensive research is focused on essential oil–based nanoemulsions that might treat prevent or these problems. Nanoemulsions are delivery systems that enhance the distribution and solubility of lipid medications to targeted locations. Turmeric (Tur)- and curry leaf oil (CrO)–based nanoemulsions (CrO-Tur-self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems [SNEDDS]) were developed with the goal of improving oral health and preventing or treating gingivitis. They could be valuable because of their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities. CrO-Tur-SNEDDS formulations were produced using the response surface Box-Behnken design with different concentrations of CrO (120, 180, and 250 mg), Tur (20, 35, and 50 mg), and Smix 2:1 (400, 500, and 600 mg). The optimized formulation had a bacterial growth inhibition zone of up to 20 mm, droplet size of less than 140 nm, drug-loading efficiency of 93%, and IL-6 serum levels of between 950 ± 10 and 3000 ± 25 U/ml. The optimal formulation, which contained 240 mg of CrO, 42.5 mg of Tur, and 600 mg of Smix 2:1, was created using the acceptable design. Additionally, the best CrO-Tur-SNEDDS formulation was incorporated into a hyaluronic acid gel, and thereafter it had improved ex-vivo transbuccal permeability, sustained in-vitro release of Tur, and large bacterial growth suppression zones. The optimal formulation loaded into an emulgel had lower levels of IL-6 in the serum than the other formulations evaluated in rats. Therefore, this investigation showed that a CrO-Tur-SNEDDS could provide strong protection against gingivitis caused by microbial infections.

Keywords:

• Gingivitis
• curcumin
• emulgels
• hyaluronic acid
• Box-Behnken design

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical approval statement

The in-vivo study was performed according to the institutional guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of Cairo Agriculture for Experimental Animals, Cairo, Egypt, Approval No. (113-10-22).

Additional information

Funding

This research work was funded by the Institutional Fund Project under grant no. IFPIP: 67-166-1443. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.