Multifunctional cell membranes-based nano-carriers for targeted therapies: a review of recent trends and future perspective

Abstract

Nanotechnology has ignited a transformative revolution in disease detection, prevention, management, and treatment. Central to this paradigm shift is the innovative realm of cell membrane-based nanocarriers, a burgeoning class of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) that redefine the boundaries of biomedical applications. These remarkable nanocarriers, designed through a top-down approach, harness the intrinsic properties of cell-derived materials as their fundamental building blocks. Through shrouding themselves in natural cell membranes, these nanocarriers extend their circulation longevity and empower themselves to intricately navigate and modulate the multifaceted microenvironments associated with various diseases. This comprehensive review provides a panoramic view of recent breakthroughs in biomimetic nanomaterials, emphasizing their diverse applications in cancer treatment, cardiovascular therapy, viral infections, COVID-19 management, and autoimmune diseases. In this exposition, we deliver a concise yet illuminating overview of the distinctive properties underpinning biomimetic nanomaterials, elucidating their pivotal role in biomedical innovation. We subsequently delve into the exceptional advantages these nanomaterials offer, shedding light on the unique attributes that position them at the forefront of cutting-edge research. Moreover, we briefly explore the intricate synthesis processes employed in creating these biomimetic nanocarriers, shedding light on the methodologies that drive their development.

Keywords:

• Cell-membrane coating
• nanoparticles
• drug delivery
• disease targeting
• nanocarriers

Disclosure statement

All the authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors contribution

ML, writing the initial draft of the manuscript; QG, Organizing the manuscript and final review of the manuscript; CZ, finalizing the manuscript; ZZ, reviewing and finalizing the manuscript. All the authors approved the manuscript to be published; all authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. All listed authors meet the criteria for authorship as per the ICMJE guidelines.

Data availability statement

There is no supplemental data in this paper. All information is available in the manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.