Management of difficult airways in the field

Abstract

Establishing an airway is a critical first step in emergency management of comatose patients and those who have suffered head trauma, cardiac arrest, or respiratory failure. The use of succinyl-choline, a paralytic, to assist with intubation is a safe and effective way to help establish an airway under difficult circumstances, in the prehospital setting. It requires excellent intubation skills, a thorough knowledge of the indications and contraindications of its use, and similar knowledge of any other medications employed. Succinylcholine-assisted intubation should never be implemented without close physician monitoring. Therefore, under the auspices of strong medical control, it is an effective way to establish adequate oxygenation and to control ventilation in some of the most critical patients encountered in the field. Additionally, because physical examination alone is not dependable for ensuring proper endotracheal tube placement, an objective confirmatory device such as an end-tidal carbon dioxide detector should be used.

Key Words:

• emergency treatment
• intubation
• succinylcholine
• end-tidal
• carbon dioxide
• airway management
• ETCO2.