”The efficacy of oral versus intravenous tranexamic acid in functional endoscopic sinus surgery”. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial

ABSTRACT

Background

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a common procedure for the treatment of chronic sinusitis and minimal bleeding inside the narrow surgical field affects the surgical visualization, prolongs operative time, and increases ocular and intracranial injuries. Our study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of oral versus intravenous Tranexamic acid on surgical field bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial enrolled 159 participants (ASA I-II, both sex and age 18–40 years) undergoing FESS who were equally randomized into 3 groups. Group O received 2 gm of TXA orally 2 hours before surgery, Group I received 15 mg/kg of IV TXA slowly after induction of anesthesia, and Group C didn’t receive any. Intraoperative surgical field bleeding was assessed by the Wormald grading scale and Surgeon satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale. At 24 hours post-operatively, the incidence of nasal bleeding, PONV, and D-dimer level were recorded.

Results

Showed significantly higher surgical field score, duration of surgery, recovery time, and postoperative (24 hours) D-dimer in group-C (p-value <0.001) with no difference between groups-I and O, while surgeon satisfaction was significantly lower in group-C (p-value <0.001) with no difference between groups-I and O. No differences regarding hemodynamic parameters, postoperative bleeding, pain, and PONV were found.

Conclusions

Oral TXA was safe, cheap, and as effective as IV TXA regarding surgical field visualization, surgeon satisfaction, and operative time during FESS; with limited adverse effects and no evidence of thromboembolic complications.

KEYWORDS:

• Antifibrinolytics
• endoscopic sinus surgery
• intravenous
• oral
• tranexamic acid

List of abbreviations

Table

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Authors’ contributions

TA: study conception, design, data collection, data analysis, results interpretation, writing discussion, preparing manuscript, and journal submission.

HE: study conception, design, data collection, results interpretation, and writing discussion.

MS: study conception, design, data collection, and writing discussion.

NM: data collection, data analysis, results interpretation, writing discussion.

The manuscript and results were reviewed and approved by all authors.

The manuscript has not been published, simultaneously submitted, or accepted for publication elsewhere.

The paper is prepared according to the “Instructions for Authors”.

We hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership, including all rights incidental thereto, exclusively to the journal, if such work is published by the journal.

Consent for participation and publication

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Availability of data and material

All data are available upon reasonable request.

Supplemental material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/11101849.2024.2313414