Functional and morphometric assessment of small-fibre damage in late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: the controversial relation between small-fibre-related symptoms and diagnostic test findings

Abstract

Introduction

We aimed at investigating whether functional and morphometric tests assessing small-fibre damage, ie quantitative sensory testing, Sudoscan and skin biopsy, reliably reflect neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms in patients with late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN).

Methods

In 30 patients with late-onset ATTRv-PN, we collected quantitative sensory testing, Sudoscan and skin biopsy with assessment of intraepidermal, piloerector muscle and sweat gland nerve fibre density. We then correlated these functional and morphometric parameters with neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms as assessed with the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI) and Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 (COMPASS-31).

Results

50% of patients showed small-fibre damage in the form of a pure small-fibre neuropathy, 47% in the context of a mixed fibre neuropathy with small and large fibre involvement. All patients complained of at least one autonomic symptom and 60% had neuropathic pain. Whereas quantitative sensory testing and Sudoscan parameters correlated with neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms as assessed by NPSI and COMPASS-31, intraepidermal, piloerector muscle and sweat gland nerve fibre density quantification did not.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that functional test parameters reliably reflect neuropathic pain and autonomic symptoms related to small-fibre damage. These findings might help to identify clinically useful biomarkers to assess patient follow-up.

Keywords:

• hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
• small-fibre neuropathy
• NPSI
• COMPASS-31
• QST
• neuropathic pain
• skin biopsy
• Sudoscan

Disclosure statement

The authors whose names are listed immediately below certify that they have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article: Eleonora Galosi, Luca Leonardi, Pietro Falco, Giuseppe Di Pietro, Alessandra Fasolino, Nicoletta Esposito, Caterina Leone, Giulia Di Stefano, Maurizio Inghilleri, Marco Luigetti, Giovanni Antonini and Andrea Truini.