https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3210-6566
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Notes
1 The eponymous Aleksandr Dugin spearheaded modern Eurasianism’s revival in Russian starting in the 1990s, a philosophy that rejected liberalism and sought a national idea that would cement a unique global role for the Russian state. Gradually, this trended more toward envisioning a vital Russian role in Europe, and between Europe and Asia, rather than among Turkic states. Dugin has been credited with far greater ideological influence over Russian politics than is deserved. However, his ideas have proven attractive for those outside of Russia, looking to explain Putin’s ambitions, as well as to those inside Russia, looking for theoretical grounding to justify current-day imperialism. The invasion of Ukraine brought an end to Semenyaka’s support for Duginism.
2 Nouvelle Droite is the conservative, or far-right, political movement that emerged in 1960s France and later spread to other parts of western Europe.
3 Thomas Gibbons-Neff, ‘Nazi Symbols on Ukraine’s Front Lines Highlight Thorny Issues of History,’ The New York Times, 7 June 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/world/europe/nazi-symbols-ukraine.html.
4 Ibid.
5 Ivan Gomza, ‘Too Much Ado About Ukrainian Nationalists: the Azov Movement and the War in Ukraine,’ Krytyka, April 2022, https://krytyka.com/en/articles/too-much-ado-about-ukrainian-nationalists-the-azov-movement-and-the-war-in-ukraine.
6 ‘The Russians Fighting for Ukraine,’ International Crisis Group, 12 October 2023, https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/eastern-europe/ukraine/russians-fighting-ukraine.
7 The Federal Security Service (FSB by its Russian acronym) is the successor organization to the Soviet-era KGB.
8 Ian Garner, ‘Russia’s Frighteningly Fascist Youth: A New Generation of Russians Glorifies War, Death, and Vladimir Putin,’ Foreign Policy, 21 May 2023, https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/05/21/russia-fascist-putin-war-youth-ian-garner-book-z-generation/.
9 Ibid.